Modes of regeneration and adaptation to soft-bottom substrates of the free-living solitary scleractinian Deltocyathoides orientalis
Modes of regeneration and adaptation to soft-bottom substrates of the free-living solitary scleractinian Deltocyathoides orientalis
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DOI：
10.1111/let.12228
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Webb, Gregory E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sentoku, Asuka;Tokuda, Yuki;Webb, Gregory E.
石珊瑚能够适应各种基质条件，具有多种生长形态和生活方式。偶氮黄藻孤生石珊瑚门 Deltocyathoides orientalis 表现出稍微扁平的碗形珊瑚。这项研究详细描述了破碎后骨骼再生的模式，以及珊瑚在软基质上生存的精确适应策略。较大的个体保留了近三分之二至六分之五的原始骨骼面积，继承了密集扩张的下部中央骨骼，以便在柔软的基质上保持稳定的生活姿势并迅速再生丢失的部分。即使是高度破碎的个体，仅保留不到 10% 的原始骨骼，仍然可以再生和修复。具有几乎六分之一到三分之一原始骨骼的碎片个体利用剩余触手的运动主动保持口腔盘向上的姿势。然后，受损和缺失的软组织有效地再生，在珊瑚的新中心附近形成口腔和胃血管腔。每个再生个体都会重复使用骨骼和软组织，并且能够在生长形态完成之前挖掘洞穴。因此，东方石竹的再生特征模式对于维持这种孤独石珊瑚在软基质上的稳定生活状态是有效且适应性强的。由于深水、软底环境中的破碎可能是由于捕食而不是湍流，因此珊瑚的快速再生和洞穴策略可能都代表了软质基质上生命的适应策略以及在捕食者丰富的环境中开发新生态位的策略，例如动物区系的生活模式。
Scleractinian corals adapt to various substrate conditions with a variety of growth morphologies and modes of life. The azooxanthellate solitary scleractinian Deltocyathoides orientalis exhibits slightly flattened, bowl-shaped corallites. This study describes in detail the modes of skeletal regeneration after fragmentation in association with exquisitely adaptive strategies of the corals for life on soft substrates. Larger fragments of individuals retaining almost two-thirds to five-sixths of the original skeletal area inherit the densely dilated, lower central skeleton, so as to keep a stable life position on soft substrates and regenerate the lost parts promptly. Even highly fragmented individuals preserving less than 10% of the original skeleton still regenerate and repair. Fragmented individuals with almost one-sixth to one-third original skeleton actively maintain a posture with the oral disc upward using movements of remaining tentacles. Damaged and missing soft tissues are then efficiently regenerated to form a mouth and gastrovascular cavity near the new centre of the corallum. Every regenerated individual reuses skeleton and soft tissues, and is capable of burrowing before the completion of growth morphology. The mode of regeneration characteristic of D.orientalis is thus effective and adaptive for maintenance of a stable life position on soft substrates for this solitary scleractinian. As fragmentation in deeper-water, soft-bottom settings is likely due to predation rather than turbulence, the rapid corallum regeneration and burrowing strategy may both represent adaptive strategies for life on soft substrates and exploitation of new niches, such as an infaunal mode of life, in a predator-rich environment.