Particulate air pollution and daily mortality in Steubenville, Ohio.
Particulate air pollution and daily mortality in Steubenville, Ohio.
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DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116195
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
J. Schwartz;D. Dockery
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Schwartz;D. Dockery
在英国伦敦，无论是在20世纪50年代的烟雾事件中，还是在20世纪60年代末和70年代初的低污染水平中，颗粒空气污染都与每日死亡率有关。在美国复制这些发现是很困难的，因为颗粒物通常每六天采样一次。复制，特别是颗粒的重量测量，在评估因果关系时很重要。俄亥俄州的斯图本维尔大都市地区每天都有大容量重量取样器对总悬浮颗粒物进行测量。这些数据与国家卫生统计中心的详细死亡率磁带中的每日死亡率相匹配。斯图本维尔标准大都市统计区以外的居民死亡被排除在外。由于人口少得多，斯图本维尔标准大都市统计区在1974-1984年的11年间，每天的平均死亡人数约为典型伦敦冬季死亡人数的1%。尽管这减少了统计能力，总悬浮颗粒物计数显着相关的增加每日死亡率在泊松回归分析控制季节和温度。颗粒物增加100微克/立方米与第二天死亡率增加4%相关。调整颗粒物后，与二氧化硫的关联并不显著。这种关系似乎在远低于现行国家环境空气质量标准的水平上继续存在。
Particulate air pollution has been associated with daily mortality in London, England, both in the smog episodes of the 1950s and at the lower pollution levels of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Replicating these findings in the United States has been difficult, because particulates are usually sampled every sixth day. Replication, particularly with a gravimetric measure of particulates, is important in assessing the causality of the relation. Daily measurements of total suspended particulates by high volume gravimetric sampler are available for the Steubenville, Ohio, metropolitan area. These were matched to daily mortality counts from the detail mortality tapes of the National Center for Health Statistics. Deaths of residents which occurred outside the Steubenville Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area were excluded. Because of the much smaller population, the average total number of deaths per day in the Steubenville Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area over the 11-year period 1974-1984 was about 1% of the deaths in a typical London winter. Despite this reduced statistical power, total suspended particulate count was significantly associated with increased daily mortality in Poisson regression analyses controlling for season and temperature. An increase in particulates of 100 micrograms/m3 was associated with a 4% increase in mortality on the succeeding day. Associations with sulfur dioxide were not significant after adjustment for particulates. The relation appeared to continue at levels well below the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard.