The role of MicroRNAs in human cancer.

The role of MicroRNAs in human cancer.
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DOI:
10.1038/sigtrans.2015.4
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
39.3
通讯作者:
Croce CM
Croce CM
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Peng Y;Croce CM

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MicroRNAs(MiRNAs)是一种内源性的非编码小RNA,具有调节基因表达的功能。大量证据表明,miRNA在人类肿瘤中的表达是通过多种机制实现的,包括miRNA基因的扩增或缺失、miRNAs转录调控的异常、表观遗传学的异常改变以及miRNA生物发生机制的缺陷。在某些条件下,miRNAs既可以作为癌基因发挥作用,也可以作为肿瘤抑制因子发挥作用。已有研究表明,失调的miRNAs可以影响肿瘤的特征,包括维持增殖信号、逃避生长抑制因子、抵抗细胞死亡、激活侵袭和转移以及诱导血管生成。越来越多的研究已经确定miRNAs是人类癌症诊断、预后和治疗靶点或工具的潜在生物标志物,这需要进一步的研究和验证。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了miRNAs如何通过作为肿瘤抑制因子或癌基因来调控人类肿瘤的发展。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs that function in regulation of gene expression. Compelling evidences have demonstrated that miRNA expression is dysregulated in human cancer through various mechanisms, including amplification or deletion of miRNA genes, abnormal transcriptional control of miRNAs, dysregulated epigenetic changes and defects in the miRNA biogenesis machinery. MiRNAs may function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors under certain conditions. The dysregulated miRNAs have been shown to affect the hallmarks of cancer, including sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, activating invasion and metastasis, and inducing angiogenesis. An increasing number of studies have identified miRNAs as potential biomarkers for human cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic targets or tools, which needs further investigation and validation. In this review, we focus on how miRNAs regulate the development of human tumors by acting as tumor suppressors or oncogenes.
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