A surname-based bibliometric indicator: publications in biomedical journal
A surname-based bibliometric indicator: publications in biomedical journal
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基于姓氏的文献计量指标：生物医学期刊中的出版物
作者：
I. Kissin
姓氏在不同族裔群体的保健研究中被用作代理，在人口遗传结构研究中也被用来确定种族。这项研究的目的是使用基于姓氏的文献计量学指标来评估犹太作者在美国生物医学期刊上的代表性。另一个目的是检验一个假设，即犹太作者在美国生物医学期刊上的代表性与他们在1960-2009年间美国诺贝尔医学奖获得者中的代表性相对应。从1960年至2009年在Medline(>；5000)覆盖的所有期刊上发表的文章中，我们统计了来自以下三个组的作者的文章：Kohenic-Levitic姓氏、其他常见的犹太姓氏和美国最常见的非犹太姓氏。美国人口中姓氏的频率(1990年美国人口普查)被用来计算预期的科学出版物数量：发表的论文总数乘以姓氏的频率。使用该姓氏的文章的实际数量也被确定了。实际数量与预期数量的比率被用作代表性相称性的衡量标准。研究发现，在所有(5,000种)期刊中，这两个犹太群体的实际论文数与预期论文数之比接近10，在排名前10的期刊中接近20。美国犹太诺贝尔奖获得者的实际人数与预期人数之比也接近20。总而言之，犹太作者在美国十大生物医学期刊上的代表性相当于犹太诺贝尔奖获得者在美国获奖者中的代表性。我们假设，犹太科学家在顶级生物医学期刊和诺贝尔医学奖获得者中担任作者的比例不成比例，主要是因为他们作为研究参与者的比例过高，而不是因为犹太研究人员本身获得奖励的机会增加。
Surnames have been used as a proxy in studies on health care for various ethnic groups and also applied to ascribe ethnicity in studies on the genetic structure of a population. The aim of this study was to use a surname-based bibliometric indicator to assess the representation of Jewish authors in US biomedical journals. The other aim was to test the hypothesis that the representation of Jewish authors in US biomedical journals corresponds to their representation among US Nobel Prize winners in Medicine, 1960–2009. From among articles published 1960–2009 in all journals covered by Medline (>5,000), and in the top 10 US biomedical journals we counted articles by authors from the following three groups: Kohenic–Levitic surnames, other common Jewish surnames, and the most frequent non-Jewish surnames in the USA. The frequency of a surname in the US population (1990 US Census) was used to calculate the expected number of scientific publications: the total number of published articles multiplied by a surname’s frequency. The actual number of articles with that surname was also determined. The ratio of actual to expected number of articles was used as a measure of representation proportionality. It was found that the ratio of actual to expected number of articles in both Jewish groups is close to 10 among all (>5,000) journals, and close to 20 in the top 10 journals. The ratio of actual to expected numbers of Jewish Nobel Laureates in the USA is also close to 20. In conclusion, the representation of Jewish authors in top 10 US biomedical journals corresponds to the representation of Jewish Nobel Laureates among US laureates. We hypothesize that disproportional representation of Jewish scientists as authors in top biomedical journals and among Nobel Prize laureates in Medicine is mostly due to their overrepresentation as research participants, not because of the increased chances for reward for a Jewish researcher per se.