Point source characterization of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and extractable organofluorine (EOF) in freshwater and aquatic invertebrates
Point source characterization of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and extractable organofluorine (EOF) in freshwater and aquatic invertebrates
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DOI：
10.1039/c9em00281b
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Wang, Thanh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Koch, Alina;Kaerrman, Anna;Wang, Thanh
全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）的主要点源导致PFASs在环境中无处不在的传播。在这项研究中，对瑞典三个受PFAS点源影响的地点的地表水和水生无脊椎动物进行了表征，采用同源物、异构体和可提取有机氟（EOF）分析，以及生物积累因子（baf）和质量排放的估计。两个地点受到火灾训练的影响（地点A和R），第三个地点受到工业径流的影响（地点K）。R点（n = 3）水体中PFASs的平均sigma（25）浓度为1920 ng L-1，分别比A点和K点高20倍和10倍以上。在所有水样中，全氟辛烷磺酸是最主要的PFAS，占sigma(25)PFAS浓度的29-79%。检测到几种支链异构体，它们对地表水（例如49% -78%的西格玛全氟辛烷磺酸）和水生无脊椎动物（例如15-28%的西格玛全氟辛烷磺酸）的浓度有很大贡献。水生无脊椎动物的baf表明，与线性全氟辛烷磺酸相比，长链全氟辛烷磺酸的生物蓄积更高，支链全氟辛烷磺酸异构体的生物蓄积更低。EOF质量平衡表明σ(25)目标PFASs在水中可以解释55%的EOF现场r .然而,更大比例的EOF(> 92%)仍未知的水从网站和k .质量排放估计首次EOF和显示大量的EOF(例如8.2 g F天现场(1))可以通过水路输送接受者水体相对于σ(25)PFASs(例如0.15 g的一天(1)在网站)。总体而言，我们发现成分分析，baf和EOF质量平衡可以改善点源周围PFASs的表征。
Major point sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) cause ubiquitous spread of PFASs in the environment. In this study, surface water and aquatic invertebrates at three Swedish sites impacted by PFAS point sources were characterized, using homologue, isomer and extractable organofluorine (EOF) profiling as well as estimation of bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) and mass discharge. Two sites were impacted by fire training (sites A and R) and the third by industrial runoff (site K). Mean sigma(25)PFASs concentration in water was 1920 ng L-1 at site R (n = 3), which was more than 20- and 10-fold higher than those from sites A and K, respectively. PFOS was the most predominant PFAS in all waters samples, constituting 29-79% of sigma(25)PFAS concentrations. Several branched isomers were detected and they substantially contributed to concentrations in surface water (e.g. 49-78% of sigma PFOS) and aquatic invertebrates (e.g. 15-28% of sigma PFOS). BAFs in the aquatic invertebrates indicated higher bioaccumulation for long chain PFASs and lower bioaccumulation for branched PFOS isomers compared to linear PFOS. EOF mass balance showed that sigma(25)target PFASs in water could explain up to 55% of EOF at site R. However, larger proportions of EOF (>92%) remained unknown in water from sites A and K. Mass discharges were for the first time estimated for EOF and revealed that high amounts of EOF (e.g. 8.2 g F day(-1) at site A) could be transported by water to recipient water bodies relative to sigma(25)PFASs (e.g. 0.15 g day(-1) at site A). Overall, we showed that composition profiling, BAFs and EOF mass balance can improve the characterization of PFASs around point sources.