Women's Rights, Family Planning, and Population Control: The Emergence of Reproductive Rights in the United Nations (1960s-70s)
Women's Rights, Family Planning, and Population Control: The Emergence of Reproductive Rights in the United Nations (1960s-70s)
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妇女权利、计划生育和人口控制：生殖权利在联合国的出现（1960 年代至 70 年代）
DOI：
10.1080/07075332.2021.1985585
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bracke M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bracke M
这篇文章追溯了20世纪60年代至70年代联合国生殖权利原则的出现。计划生育项目是关键的话语领域，在这个领域上，关于生育、全球人口和妇女在“第三世界发展”中的角色的冲突是相互联系的。联合国妇女地位委员会是一个关键的角色：在20世纪60年代末，它将计划生育定义为与扩大的人权定义相关，并将其重新定位为妇女权利问题。这种转变是由于委员会中以西方为基础的、与共产主义结盟的和以全球南方为基础的妇女组织在妇女权利概念方面相互竞争，但在某些方面趋同造成的。虽然随后的联合国会议，特别是1974年布加勒斯特会议和1975年墨西哥城会议，揭示了在“人口管理”和“第三世界发展”方面持久的全球冲突，但联合国根据人权原则重新制定了计划生育。因此，它对妇女的社会角色负责，可能增强她们的生殖自主权-但未能完全放弃人口控制议程，反对全球南方女权主义运动的呼吁。本文以女权非政府组织、联合国机构和计划生育组织的档案和出版物为基础，对联合国的历史和全球女权运动的兴起做出了贡献。
The article traces the emergence of reproductive rights principles in the UN during the 1960s–70s. Family planning programmes were the key discursive terrain on which conflicts over fertility, global population, and women's roles in ‘third world development’ were interlinked. The UN’s Commission on the Status of Women was a key actor: in the late 1960s it defined family planning in relation to a broadened definition of human rights, and repositioned it as a women’s rights issue. This shift resulted from competing but in some respects converging concepts of women’s rights among Western-based, communist-aligned and Global South-based women’s organisations at the Commission. While subsequent UN conferences, specifically Bucharest 1974 and Mexico City 1975, revealed enduring global conflicts over ‘population management’ and ‘third world development’, the UN reframed family planning in relation to human rights principles. It hereby responsibilised women in their social roles, potentially enhancing their reproductive autonomy – but failing to fully abandon the population control agenda, against the calls of feminist movements in the Global South. The article contributes to histories of the UN and of the emergence of globally connected feminist movements, and is based on archives and publications of women’s rights NGOs, UN agencies, and family planning organisations.