Airborne Microbial Communities at High-Altitude and Suburban Sites in Toyama, Japan Suggest a New Perspective for Bioprospecting
Airborne Microbial Communities at High-Altitude and Suburban Sites in Toyama, Japan Suggest a New Perspective for Bioprospecting
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DOI：
10.3389/fbioe.2019.00012
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发表时间：
2019-02
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
D. Tanaka;Kei Sato;Motoshi Goto;S. Fujiyoshi;F. Maruyama;S. Takato;Takamune Shimada;A. Sakatoku;Kazuma Aoki;S. Nakamura
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文献类型：
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作者：
D. Tanaka;Kei Sato;Motoshi Goto;S. Fujiyoshi;F. Maruyama;S. Takato;Takamune Shimada;A. Sakatoku;Kazuma Aoki;S. Nakamura
空气中的微生物，特别是那些在高海拔地区的微生物，暴露在恶劣的条件下，包括紫外线辐射、干燥和低温。本研究比较了日本富山高海拔地区Jodo山[平均海平面以上2839 m]和郊区站点（平均海平面以上23 m）空气中微生物的组成和丰度。据我们所知，这是第一次研究在相对较近的两个地点同时收集的空气样本中的微生物群落，从低海拔和高海拔。在2009-2011年期间的3年内收集了空气样本。然后，我们检测了细菌和真核生物群落，并用实时TaqMan PCR估计了细菌和真菌的丰度。在每个采样日，高海拔和郊区站点的空气细菌和真核生物群落存在差异。对每个采样日到达高海拔和郊区站点的气团进行的反向轨迹分析显示，它们的路径几乎相同。细菌群落以放线菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门为主，真核生物群落以子囊菌门、担子菌门和链菌门为主。我们还预测了这些微生物群落的一些应用。高海拔站点空气中细菌和真菌的丰度比郊区站点低约2倍。这些结果表明，即使在近距离收集，每个空气微生物群落也具有局部性。
Airborne microorganisms, especially those at high altitude, are exposed to hostile conditions, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation, desiccation, and low temperatures. This study was conducted to compare the composition and abundance of airborne microorganisms at a high-altitude site, Mt. Jodo [2,839 m above mean sea level (AMSL)] and a suburban site (23 m AMSL) in Toyama, Japan. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate microbial communities in air samples collected simultaneously at two sites in relatively close proximity, from low and high altitude. Air samples were collected over a period of 3 years during 2009–2011. We then examined the bacterial and eukaryotic communities and estimated the abundance of bacteria and fungi with real-time TaqMan PCR. The airborne bacterial and eukaryotic communities differed between high-altitude and suburban sites on each sampling day. Backward trajectory analysis of air masses that arrived at high-altitude and suburban sites on each sampling day displayed almost the same paths. The bacterial communities were dominated by Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, while the eukaryotic communities included Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Streptophyta. We also predicted some application of such microbial communities. The airborne bacterial and fungal abundance at the high-altitude site was about two times lower than that at the suburban site. These results showed that each airborne microbial communities have locality even if they are collected close location.