RESOURCE PARTITIONING AMONG SOME EUSOCIAL INSECTS - BUMBLEBEES
RESOURCE PARTITIONING AMONG SOME EUSOCIAL INSECTS - BUMBLEBEES
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DOI：
10.2307/1941054
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发表时间：
1976-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
HEINRICH, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HEINRICH, B
四种常见的熊蜂[Bombus terricola，B. ternarius，B.流浪汉，B。[美国]缅因州中部的[fervidus]每一种都利用来自各种各样的本地和外来花卉的花蜜。使用花蜜资源的个体数量与可用的供应量直接相关。季节性地，1972年，每天可利用的粮食能量的92%被利用。没有观察到干扰竞争，竞争主要是剥削。小野蜂一般在高温下从熊蜂剥削后留下的少量食物奖励中觅食。由于舌长的差异，避免了熊蜂行会资源利用的重叠。开放的（短花冠）花主要是由短，其次是长舌熊蜂访问。深花冠的花朵主要由长舌熊蜂访问。短舌熊蜂比长舌熊蜂更多地利用花粉。然而，熊蜂觅食光谱上给定的花卉品种不同，从一个地方到下一个以及季节性。群体多样性可能是一个必要的社会行为的相关性，相对于殖民地周期的持续时间长的寄主植物开花时间短。真社会性蜜蜂的群体多样性可能由于竞争而降低蜜蜂群落的物种丰富度。
Four common species of bumblebees [Bombus terricola, B. ternarius, B. vagans, B. fervidus] in central Maine [USA] each utilized the nectar from a great variety of both native and exotic flowers. The number of individuals that utilized a nectar resource was directly related to supplies available. Seasonally, .apprxeq. 92% of the standing crop of food energy available per day was utilized in 1972. No interference competition was observed, and competition was primarily exploitative. Small wild bees generally foraged at high temperatures from the small food rewards left after Bombus exploitation. Overlap in resource utilization in the guild of bumblebees was avoided by differences in tongue length. Open (short-corolla) flowers were visited primarily by short- and secondarily by long-tongued bumblebees. Deep-corolla flowers were visited primarily by long-tongued bumblebees. Pollen flowers were utilized more by short-tongued than by long-tongued bumblebees. However, the bumblebee forager spectra on given flower species varied from one locality to the next as well as seasonally. Colony polylecty is probably a necessary correlate of social behavior, given short blooming times of the host plants relative to the long durations of the colony cycles. Colony polylecty of eusocial bees may decrease species richness in the bee community due to competition.