Wolbachia infection at least partially rescues the fertility and ovary defects of several new Drosophila melanogaster bag of marbles protein-coding mutants.
Wolbachia infection at least partially rescues the fertility and ovary defects of several new Drosophila melanogaster bag of marbles protein-coding mutants.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1011009
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发表时间：
2023-10
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影响因子：
4.5
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地方黑腹蛋白编码基因Bag of Marbles（BAM）通过与伴侣蛋白形成复合物以促进配子发生中的分化，在早期雄性和雌性生殖中起关键作用。像另一个生殖系基因，性致死，bam基因与内共生体沃尔巴克氏体相互作用，因为沃尔巴克氏体挽救了bam亚型突变体的生育能力降低。在这里，我们通过产生22个新的bam突变体来探索bam-Wolbachia相互作用的特异性，其中10个突变体显示出生育缺陷。这些突变体中有9个倾向于通过wMel Wolbachia变体进行拯救，其中8个在生育力和/或细胞学水平上具有统计学意义。在某些情况下，生育率惊人地提高了20倍。拯救和bam的已知结合区域之间没有特异性，表明wMel不与一个单一的bam配偶体相互作用以拯救生殖表型。我们进一步测试了wMel是否以非特异性方式与bam相互作用，通过增加bam转录水平或在生殖系干细胞中作用于上游。bam RNAi敲低突变体的生育力评估揭示了wMel拯救对功能突变的bam等位基因是特异性的，并且我们没有发现wMel与bam突变体中的生殖系干细胞相互作用的明显证据。果蝇的繁殖依赖于弹珠袋（bam）基因，该基因在产生卵子和精子的过程中早期起作用。该基因的突变会对果蝇的生育能力产生负面影响，导致其不育或后代较少。有趣的是，我们发现，细菌沃尔巴克氏体，它存在于广泛的昆虫生殖细胞内，部分恢复了几个BAM突变体的生育力和卵巢表型，其中所产生的BAM蛋白质从野生型改变。Bam的蛋白质功能进一步被认为是重要的，因为缺乏对由于非突变的bam基因的低表达而具有生育力缺陷的果蝇的拯救。先前的工作对Wolbachia与另一个生殖基因Sex lethal（Sxl）做出了类似的结论，强调了在不同基因中以类似方式发生生育突变体拯救的可能性。了解沃尔巴克氏体影响宿主繁殖的方式为我们提供了一个背景，使我们能够构建沃尔巴克氏体对宿主基因（如bam和Sxl）的影响，并考虑沃尔巴克氏体感染在D.果蝇
The D. melanogaster protein coding gene bag of marbles (bam) plays a key role in early male and female reproduction by forming complexes with partner proteins to promote differentiation in gametogenesis. Like another germline gene, Sex lethal, bam genetically interacts with the endosymbiont Wolbachia, as Wolbachia rescues the reduced fertility of a bam hypomorphic mutant. Here, we explored the specificity of the bam-Wolbachia interaction by generating 22 new bam mutants, with ten mutants displaying fertility defects. Nine of these mutants trend towards rescue by the wMel Wolbachia variant, with eight statistically significant at the fertility and/or cytological level. In some cases, fertility was increased a striking 20-fold. There is no specificity between the rescue and the known binding regions of bam, suggesting wMel does not interact with one singular bam partner to rescue the reproductive phenotype. We further tested if wMel interacts with bam in a non-specific way, by increasing bam transcript levels or acting upstream in germline stem cells. A fertility assessment of a bam RNAi knockdown mutant reveals that wMel rescue is specific to functionally mutant bam alleles and we find no obvious evidence of wMel interaction with germline stem cells in bam mutants. Reproduction in the Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly is dependent on the bag of marbles (bam) gene, which acts early in the process of generating eggs and sperm. Mutations to this gene negatively impact the fertility of the fly, causing it to be sterile or have fewer progeny. Interestingly, we find that the bacteria Wolbachia, which resides within reproductive cells across a wide range of insects, partially restores the fertility and ovary phenotype of several bam mutants of which the resultant Bam protein is altered from wildtype. The protein function of Bam is further suggested to be important by the lack of rescue for a fly that has a fertility defect due to low expression of a non-mutated bam gene. Previous work makes similar conclusions about Wolbachia with another reproductive gene, Sex lethal (Sxl), highlighting the potential for rescue of fertility mutants to occur in a similar way across different genes. An understanding of the ways in which Wolbachia can affect host reproduction provides us with context with which to frame Wolbachia’s impact on host genes, such as bam and Sxl, and consider the evolutionary implications of Wolbachia’s infection in D. melanogaster fruit flies.