A new way forward for ocean-climate policy as reflected in the UNFCCC Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue submissions
A new way forward for ocean-climate policy as reflected in the UNFCCC Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue submissions
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《联合国气候变化框架公约》海洋与气候变化对话提交的材料反映了海洋气候政策的新前进方向
作者：
Bobbi;N. Gallo;Melania Guerra;B. Guilloux;E. Holland;Sarah Seabrook;L. Levin
摘要海洋在减缓和适应气候变化方面发挥着核心作用。然而，气候和海洋政策在历史上一直是孤立的。在经历了几十年的缓慢趋同之后，在缔约方会议第二十五届会议上决定并于2020年12月在网上启动的海洋与气候变化对话，是《气候公约》缔约方和非缔约方利益攸关方就气候制度应如何处理与海洋有关的缓解和适应问题发表观点的第一个论坛。海洋对话由来自整个联合国系统和民间社会，包括传统声音和青年声音的广泛行为者提供的47份先前公开提交的材料提供了信息。我们对提交的材料的分析表明，朝着气候、海洋和生物多样性制度之间的联系的政治演变。提交的材料一致承认，海洋和气候系统有着千丝万缕的联系，考虑海洋行动将加强气候行动，反之亦然。提交材料的突出主题包括不断变化的海洋影响、碳汇和蓝碳机会，以及生态系统复原力、生物多样性管理和增进对规范和体制框架的理解的必要性。人们强烈呼吁认识到生物物理世界的相互关联性。在实际的海洋对话和随后的关于下一步行动的非正式会议上也出现了类似的主题。传达的主要信息是，迫切需要通过合作和具体行动，在混乱的气候中对蓝色星球进行强有力的管理和善政。这一分析突出表明，需要就海洋和气候变化问题继续开展跨学科的国际对话，通过科学、金融和政策方面的协作，提升海洋-气候-生物多样性之间的联系。主要政策见解气候变化对海洋和海洋生态系统的影响得到了广泛承认，91%的意见书提到了这一点。在几十年来海洋缓慢地融入气候政策之后，海洋对话提交的材料承认，气候政策必须解决与海洋及其生物多样性的联系。令人关切的问题包括不断变化的海洋影响、碳汇和蓝碳机会，以及对生态系统复原力、生物多样性管理和增加机构互动的需要。继续这一对话，加强各国和非国家行为者之间的合作，可能会促成针对可持续气候、海洋和生物多样性行动的多边和多层次决策。
ABSTRACT The ocean plays a central role in climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, climate and ocean policies have been historically siloed. After decades of slow convergence, the Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue, decided at COP25 and launched online in December 2020, was the first forum for Parties and non-Party stakeholders to the UNFCCC to give their perspectives on how the climate regime should address ocean-related mitigation and adaptation. The Ocean Dialogue was informed by 47 prior open submissions provided by a broad swath of actors from across the UN system and from civil society, including traditional and youth voices. Our analysis of the submissions demonstrates a political evolution towards the nexus among climate, ocean, and biodiversity regimes. The submissions uniformly acknowledge that ocean and climate systems are inextricably linked, and that consideration of ocean-based action will strengthen climate action and vice versa. Salient themes of the submissions include changing ocean impacts, carbon sinks and blue carbon opportunities, and the need for ecosystem resilience, biodiversity management and improved understanding of normative and institutional frameworks. There is a strong call to recognize the interconnectedness of the biophysical world. Similar themes emerged during the actual Ocean Dialogue and the subsequent informal meeting on next steps. The main message conveyed is the dire necessity to implement strong stewardship and good governance of the blue planet in a disrupted climate using cooperative and concrete actions. This analysis highlights the need for a continued transdisciplinary international dialogue on the ocean and climate change which elevates the ocean-climate-biodiversity nexus via collaborative science, finance, and policy. Key policy insights Ocean and marine ecosystem impacts of climate change were widely acknowledged, and referenced by ninety-one percent of submissions. After decades of slow integration of ocean into climate policy, the Ocean Dialogue submissions acknowledge that climate policy must address linkages with the ocean and its biodiversity. Concerns include changing ocean impacts, carbon sinks and blue carbon opportunities, and the need for ecosystem resilience, biodiversity management and increased institutional interactions. Continuation of this Dialogue, with strengthened collaboration between States and non-state actors, may give rise to multilateral and multilevel decision-making toward sustainable climate, ocean and biodiversity action.