Life cycle assessment of switchgrass- and corn stover-derived ethanol-fueled automobiles.
Life cycle assessment of switchgrass- and corn stover-derived ethanol-fueled automobiles.
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DOI：
10.1021/es048293
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发表时间：
2005-12
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
S. Spatari;Yimin Zhang;H. MacLean
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Spatari;Yimin Zhang;H. MacLean
在轻型车辆中使用国内生产的纤维素衍生乙醇，可以潜在地改善环境绩效和运输和能源经济部门的可持续性。开发了一个生命周期评估模型，以审查加拿大安大略省汽车生产和使用乙醇对环境的影响。将结果与功能相当的汽车中的低硫重新配方汽油（RFG）进行了比较。评估了两个时间框架，一个是近期（2010年），研究将专用能源作物（柳枝稷）和农业残留物（玉米秸秆）转化为乙醇；一个中期（2020年），假设柳枝稷衍生乙醇生命周期的技术改进。近期结果显示，与可再生燃料汽车相比，以每公里二氧化碳当量克计算，以柳枝稷为燃料的e85汽车的生命周期温室气体（GHG）排放量降低了57%，以玉米秸秆为燃料的乙醇排放量降低了65%。玉米秸秆乙醇表现出稍低的生命周期温室气体排放，主要是由于与粮食生产共享排放。通过预计作物产量和乙醇产量的提高，中期方案的结果表明，温室气体排放量可能比2010年低25-35%，而且，即使在RFG汽车方面有预期的改进，E85汽车在整个生命周期内仍然可以实现高达70%的温室气体排放量降低。
Utilizing domestically produced cellulose-derived ethanol for the light-duty vehicle fleet can potentially improve the environmental performance and sustainability of the transport and energy sectors of the economy. A life cycle assessment model was developed to examine environmental implications of the production and use of ethanol in automobiles in Ontario, Canada. The results were compared to those of low-sulfur reformulated gasoline (RFG) in a functionally equivalent automobile. Two time frames were evaluated, one near-term (2010), which examines converting a dedicated energy crop (switchgrass) and an agricultural residue (corn stover) to ethanol; and one midterm (2020), which assumes technological improvements in the switchgrass-derived ethanol life cycle. Near-term results show that, compared to a RFG automobile, life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are 57% lower for an E85-fueled automobile derived from switchgrass and 65% lower for ethanol from corn stover, on a grams of CO2 equivalent per kilometer basis. Corn stover ethanol exhibits slightly lower life cycle GHG emissions, primarily due to sharing emissions with grain production. Through projected improvements in crop and ethanol yields, results for the mid-term scenario show that GHG emissions could be 25-35% lower than those in 2010 and that, even with anticipated improvements in RFG automobiles, E85 automobiles could still achieve up to 70% lower GHG emissions across the life cycle.