First Toxin Profile of Ciguateric Fish in Madeira Arquipelago (Europe)
First Toxin Profile of Ciguateric Fish in Madeira Arquipelago (Europe)
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DOI：
10.1021/ac100516q
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发表时间：
2010-07-15
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Botana, Luis M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Otero, Paz;Perez, Sheila;Botana, Luis M.
雪卡鱼中毒 (CFP) 是一种人类食源性中毒，由摄入被称为雪卡毒素 (CTX) 的强效聚醚毒素污染的热带鱼引起。这些毒素是由甲藻 Gambierdiscus 种发出的。草食性鱼类摄入甲藻后，会将这些毒素积聚在肌肉组织和内脏中。流行病学研究表明，CFP存在于北纬350°到南纬350°之间的地区，主要是印太和加勒比海地区，但靠近欧洲和非洲大陆的海域不存在。本文对在 Selvagens 群岛（马德拉群岛）水域捕获的重 70 公斤的 Seriola dumerlii 样本和较小的 Seriola fasciata 样本进行了分析。该属鱼类曾与北大西洋葡萄牙马德拉群岛此前爆发的疑似雪卡中毒事件有关。通过两种方法进行分析：使用小脑颗粒细胞的功能方法和超高效液相色谱-质谱（UPLC-MS）方法。这项研究是在鰤鱼尾部肌肉的一部分和鰤鱼身体的五个部分（尾部肌肉、头部、腹侧肌肉、中部肌肉和肝脏）进行的。功能方法包括改变小脑颗粒细胞中的内向钠电流，化学方法是高分辨率色谱法，可以阐明样品中的毒素特征。此外，UPLC-MS技术经过优化，首次用于检测和定量CTX。鱼提取和净化后，色谱图显示存在 1111.6 m/z 的 CTX-1B、1023.5 m/z 的 CTX-3C、1040.6 m/z 的 CTX 类似物以及 1141.6 m/z 的来自加勒比或印度水域的 CIX。因此，本文中两种方法获得的结果首次证实了来自马德拉群岛的鱼中存在 CTX。
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a human foodborne intoxication caused by ingestion of tropical fishes contaminated with the potent polyether toxins known as ciguatoxins (CTXs). These toxins are issued from Gambierdiscus species of dinoflagellates. Herbivorous fish accumulate these toxins in their musculature and viscera after ingesting dinoflagellates. Epidemiological studies showed that CFP has been present in areas between 350 North and 350 South latitude, mainly, Indo-pacific and Caribbean areas, but not in waters closed to European and African continent. In the present paper, a specimen of Seriola dumerlii weighing 70 kg and a smaller Seriola fasciata specimen, captured in waters belonging to Selvagens Islands (Madeira Arquipelago), were analyzed. Fishes from this genus were implicated in previous suspected ciguatera poisoning outbreaks in the Portuguese Madeira Arquipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean. Analysis was performed by two approaches, a functional method using cerebellar granule cells and by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method. The study was carried out in one portion of the tail muscle of Seriola fasciata and five parts of the body of Seriola dumerili (tail muscle, head, ventral muscle, mid muscle, and liver). The functional method consisted in the modification of the inward sodium current in cerebellar granule cells and the chemical method was a high resolution chromatography, which allowed elucidating the toxin profile in the samples. In addition, UPLC-MS technique was optimized and used for detecting and quantifying CTXs for the first time. After fish extraction and clean up, the chromatograms revealed the presence of CTX-1B at 1111.6 m/z, CTX-3C at 1023.5 m/z, a CTX analogue at 1040.6 m/z, and a CIX from the Caribbean or Indic waters at 1141.6 m/z. Therefore, the results obtained in the present paper for both methods confirm, for the first time, the presence of CTX in fish from Madeira Arquipelago.