Effects of aspiration versus neurotoxic lesions of the amygdala on emotional responses in monkeys
Effects of aspiration versus neurotoxic lesions of the amygdala on emotional responses in monkeys
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00854.x
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发表时间：
1999-12-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Mishkin, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meunier, M;Bachevalier, J;Mishkin, M
以前所有关于猴子杏仁核损伤后情绪反应变化的报道都是基于吸入或射频损伤，这些损伤可能会扰乱往返于邻近腹侧和内侧颞叶皮质区域的通路纤维。为了确定这种相关的间接损伤是否导致了前面描述的部分或全部变化，我们比较了杏仁核吸入引起的变化和保留纤维的神经毒性损伤引起的变化。四种不同的刺激，两个有社会成分，两个没有社会成分，被用来评估防御、攻击、屈服和接近反应的表达。在非操作控制中，防御和接近行为都是由所有四种刺激引起的，无论是社交的还是无生命的，而攻击性和顺从反应只有在这两种社交刺激存在的情况下才会发生。此外，所有的防御反应都被一个漂亮的无生命物品降低了，而一个令人厌恶的物品选择性地增加了冰冻。与对照组相比，患有神经毒性杏仁核损伤的猴子表现出与那些患有吸入性损伤的猴子相同的一系列行为变化，即减少恐惧和攻击性，增加屈服，以及过度的体力和口头探索。即使是累及不到三分之二杏仁核的部分神经毒性损伤，也显著改变了恐惧和手动探索。这些发现令人信服地证明，杏仁核对猴子情绪的正常调节至关重要。然而，由于在神经毒性损伤后观察到的一些症状没有在吸入性损伤后观察到的明显，所以早先描述的猴子杏仁核切除后的情绪障碍可能会因随之而来的纤维损伤而加剧。
All previous reports describing alterations in emotional reactivity after amygdala damage in monkeys were based on aspiration or radiofrequency lesions which likely disrupted fibres of passage coursing to and from adjacent ventral and medial temporal cortical areas. To determine whether this associated indirect damage was responsible for some or all of the changes described earlier, we compared the changes induced by aspiration of the amygdala with those induced by fibre-sparing neurotoxic lesions. Four different stimuli, two with and two without a social component, were used to evaluate the expression of defence, aggression, submission and approach responses. In unoperated controls, defence and approach behaviours were elicited by all four stimuli, 'social' and inanimate alike, whereas aggression and submission responses occurred only in the presence of the two 'social' stimuli. Furthermore, all defence reactions were reduced with an attractive inanimate item, while freezing was selectively increased with an aversive one. Relative to controls, monkeys with neurotoxic amygdala lesions showed the same array of behavioural changes as those with aspiration lesions, i.e. reduced fear and aggression, increased submission, and excessive manual and oral exploration. Even partial neurotoxic lesions involving less than two-thirds of the amygdala significantly altered fear and manual exploration. These findings convincingly demonstrate that the amygdala is crucial for the normal regulation of emotions in monkeys. Nevertheless, because some of the symptoms observed after neurotoxic lesions were less marked than those seen after aspiration lesions, the emotional disorders described earlier after amygdalectomy in monkeys were likely exacerbated by the attendant fibre damage.