The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States
The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00089.x
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Geiger, Linda H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Focazio, Michael J.;Tipton, Deborah;Geiger, Linda H.
总结了从国内水井收集的现有水质数据，以开展第一次全国范围的自备饮用水水源地追溯。所评估的污染物代表了一系列无机和有机化合物，虽然数据集最初并不是为了统计全国的发生情况，但它涵盖了美国的大部分地区，包括至少在每个州和波多黎各抽样的一些水井。在许多水井中检测到无机污染物，其浓度超过美国环保局最高污染物水平(MCLs；用于监管公共饮用水质量的联邦饮用水标准)的频率高于有机污染物。在接受评估的7,580口井中，有11%的井砷浓度超过MCL(10微克/L)，8%的井评估硝酸盐浓度超过MCL(10毫克/L)，4%的井超过铀-238(30微克/L)，9%的井超过氡-222(美国环保局目前正在审查的饮用水潜在标准)。总汞和氟化物的MCL分别在1%的评价井中超标。在评估的所有人类来源的有机污染物的所有井中，有1%的井超过了MCL，许多污染物没有超过MCL。此外，被评估的10种污染物目前没有MCL。然而，在接受评估的井中，有24%的井检测到阿特拉津，在本研究评估的28种有机污染物中，阿特拉津是最常被检测到的有机污染物。西马津和异丙甲草胺分别在大约9%的井中被检测到，在有机污染物检测频率上并列第二。排在第三位和第四位的有机污染物分别是甲基叔丁基醚(6%)和氯仿(5%)。由于国内水井的水质不受联邦监管或国家监测，这项研究为近4500万美国人使用的自给式饮用水资源的质量提供了一个独特的、以前不存在的视角。
Existing water quality data collected from domestic wells were summarized to develop the first national-scale retrospective of self-supplied drinking water sources. The contaminants evaluated represent a range of inorganic and organic compounds, and although the data set was not originally designed to be a statistical representation of national occurrence, it encompasses large parts of the United States including at least some wells sampled in every state and Puerto Rico. Inorganic contaminants were detected in many of the wells, and concentrations exceeded the U.S. EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs; federal drinking water standards used to regulate public drinking water quality) more often than organic contaminants. Of the inorganic constituents evaluated, arsenic concentrations exceeded the MCL (10 mu g/L) in similar to 11% of the 7580 wells evaluated, nitrate exceeded the MCL (10 mg/L) in similar to 8% of the 3465 wells evaluated, uranium-238 exceeded the MCL (30 mu g/L) in similar to 4% of the wells, and radon-222 exceeded 300 and 4000 pCi/L (potential drinking water standards currently under review by the U.S. EPA) in similar to 75% and 9% of the wells, respectively. The MCLs for total mercury and fluoride were each exceeded in < 1% of the wells evaluated. The MCL was exceeded in < 1% of all wells for all anthropogenically derived organic contaminants evaluated and was not exceeded for many contaminants. In addition, 10 contaminants evaluated do not currently have an MCL. Atrazine, however, was detected in 24% of the wells evaluated and was the most frequently detected organic contaminant of the 28 organic contaminants evaluated in this study. Simazine and metolachlor each were detected in similar to 9% of all wells and tied for second in frequency of detection for organic contaminants. The third and fourth most frequently detected organic contaminants were methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) (6%) and chloroform (5%), respectively. Because the water quality of domestic wells is not federally regulated or nationally monitored, this study provides a unique, previously nonexistent, perspective on the quality of the self-supplied drinking water resources used by similar to 45 million Americans in the United States.