Development of a Framework for Local Governments to Enhance Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change
Development of a Framework for Local Governments to Enhance Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change
复制标题
制定地方政府增强气候变化适应能力框架
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Anisuzzaman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Anisuzzaman
气候变化对地方政府职能提出了根本性挑战，包括土地使用和开发、沿海管理、社区健康和安全、废物处理和回收以及应急管理。地方政府当局 (LGA) 在确定、规划和实施有效且及时的适应行动方面可以发挥至关重要的作用，这些行动可以减少其系统和服务的脆弱性。 2008年至2010年期间，澳大利亚许多地方政府机构在联邦政府的支持下开展了气候变化风险评估并制定了适应计划。然而，其中许多计划似乎尚未进入实施阶段。研究表明，这主要是因为地方政府面临一系列阻碍其实施适应措施的障碍。这项研究旨在解决其中一些问题。
主要目标有四个：第一，找出地方政府实施气候变化适应（CCA）措施的障碍；其次，检查地方政府实施 CCA 的现有能力，并找出提高其适应能力的机会；第三，了解单独应对适应以及与其他地方政府机构合作应对适应的相对优势和劣势；最后确定并提出地方政府可以用来将 CCA 纳入其主流规划和运营的框架的关键要素。
该研究基于定性研究，涉及大量文献回顾，以确定地方政府在应对气候变化影响方面的最佳做法；通过问卷调查向澳大利亚地方政府收集有关将气候变化适应纳入主流规划和运营的现状、挑战和机遇的信息；使用内容分析对答复进行分析；利益相关者研讨会讨论和确定框架的关键要素；试用框架草案，以验证框架在地方政府区域的有效性和适当性。
阻碍地方政府实施适应计划的障碍已经确定。其中包括缺乏对气候变化风险和适应需求的了解；缺乏制定和实施适应措施的能力；现有治理体系造成的限制；以及缺乏确定气候变化对当地影响的能力。对地方政府现有能力的调查表明，有必要为议会工作人员和社区实施结构良好、持续的意识和能力发展计划，该计划应专门针对目标群体，以适当地传达信息。研究表明，虽然单独和伙伴关系实施适应措施各有利弊，但合作往往更有效，因为它可以提供规模经济，从增加的知识库中受益，并在影响政策制定方面发出更强有力的声音。最后，提出了一个框架的关键要素，以帮助地方政府提高其适应气候变化的能力。其中包括 LGA 活动六个主要领域的指导方针——沟通、治理、规划、网络、融资和实施。该框架的有效性和可用性已在地方政府环境中得到验证，预计适合澳大利亚以及具有类似社会政治结构的其他国家的地方政府机构使用。
Climate change presents a fundamental challenge for Local Government functions, including land use and development, coastal management, community health and safety, waste disposal and recycling, and emergency management. Local Government Authorities (LGAs) have a vital role to play in identifying, planning and implementing effective and timely adaptation actions that can reduce the vulnerabilities of their systems and services. Many LGAs in Australia, with support from the Commonwealth Government, undertook climate change risk assessments and developed adaptation plans during 2008-2010. However, it appears that many of these plans have not been taken to the implementation stage. Studies suggest that this is predominantly because local governments face a range of barriers that prevent them from implementing adaptation responses. This research aimed to address some of these issues.
There were four main aims: firstly to identify the barriers for local governments to implement Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) measures; secondly to examine the existing capacity of LGAs to implement CCA and identify the opportunities to improve their adaptive capacity; thirdly to understand the comparative advantages and disadvantages of responding to adaptation individually and in collaboration with other LGAs; and finally to identify and present the key elements of a framework that local governments can use to incorporate CCA into their mainstream planning and operations.
The research was based on a qualitative study, which involved review of a large body of literature, to identify the best practices of local governments in relation to responding to the impacts of climate change; collection of information, through a questionnaire survey, from local governments in Australia, about status, challenges and opportunities to incorporate climate change adaptation in mainstream planning and operations; analysis of the responses using content analysis; stakeholder workshops to discuss and identify the key elements of the framework; and trialling the draft framework to validate the effectiveness and appropriateness of the framework in LGAs.
Barriers that inhibit LGAs from implementing their adaptation plans have been identified. These include a lack of understanding of climate change risks and the need for adaptation; lack of capacity to develop and implement adaptation measures; limitations posed by the existing governance systems; and a lack of ability to determine the local impacts of climate change. The investigation of the existing capacity of local governments suggests that there is a need to implement well-structured and on-going awareness and capacity development programs for both council staff and the community, which should be specifically tailored for target groups to appropriately convey the messages. The research suggests that while there are both advantages and disadvantages in implementing adaptation measures individually and in partnerships, it is often more effective to work in collaboration, as it can provide economies-of-scale, benefit from an increased knowledge base, and present a stronger voice to influence policy development. Finally, the key elements of a framework have been presented to help LGAs improve their adaptive capacity to climate change. These include guidelines on six major areas of LGA activities – communications, governance, planning, networking, funding and implementation. The framework has been validated for its effectiveness and usability in a local government context and is expected to be suitable for use by LGAs in Australia as well as other countries with similar socio-political structures.
分析画线时的眼球运动。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
Shishido E;Okazaki S;Imoto K;Sadato N;Fukumura N;Ozaki N
通讯作者：
Ozaki N