An ocean observation system for monitoring the affects of climate change on the ecology and sustainability of pelagic fisheries in the Pacific Ocean
An ocean observation system for monitoring the affects of climate change on the ecology and sustainability of pelagic fisheries in the Pacific Ocean
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DOI：
10.1007/s10584-012-0598-y
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Williams, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nicol, Simon J.;Allain, Valerie;Williams, Peter
气候变化对金枪鱼渔业的可持续管理提出了新的挑战，可靠的信息对于确保未来的可持续性至关重要。气候和捕捞影响金枪鱼种群、非目标、依赖物种种群和生态系统。为了提供相关的建议，我们需要更好地了解海洋生态系统，需要更好的数据来参数化预测气候变化影响的模型。目前在太平洋收集的全海洋数据主要限于海洋学数据。然而，在该地区开展的渔业观察员计划提供了一个机会，可以收集有关生态系统中上营养水平的额外信息，这些信息是补充这些物理数据所必需的，包括目标和非目标物种以及中营养水平生物的分布、丰度、大小、组成和生物信息的时间序列。这些观察员计划尚处于起步阶段，时间和空间分布有限，但最近已作出国际和国家政策决定，扩大其覆盖范围。我们确定了一些启动这种监测的行动，包括：加强合作，确保使用最优质的数据；发展分区域观察员方案之间的一致性，以确保它们符合生态系统监测的目标；询问现有的时间序列，以确定最适当的监测空间模板；探索现有的生态系统模型，以确定适合的生态系统状态和变化指标。所获得的信息应能提高制定具有复原力和可适应气候变化的渔业管理政策的能力。
Climate change presents an emerging challenge to the sustainable management of tuna fisheries, and robust information is essential to ensure future sustainability. Climate and harvest affect tuna stocks, populations of non-target, dependent species and the ecosystem. To provide relevant advice we need an improved understanding of oceanic ecosystems and better data to parameterise the models that forecast the impacts of climate change. Currently ocean-wide data collection in the Pacific Ocean is primarily restricted to oceanographic data. However, the fisheries observer programs that operate in the region offer an opportunity to collect the additional information on the mid and upper trophic levels of the ecosystem that is necessary to complement this physical data, including time-series of distribution, abundance, size, composition and biological information on target and non-target species and mid trophic level organisms. These observer programs are in their infancy, with limited temporal and spatial distribution but recent international and national policy decisions have been made to expand their coverage. We identify a number of actions to initiate this monitoring including: consolidating collaborations to ensure the use of best quality data; developing consistency between sub-regional observer programmes to ensure that they meet the objectives of ecosystem monitoring; interrogating of existing time series to determine the most appropriate spatial template for monitoring; and exploring existing ecosystem models to identify suitable indicators of ecosystem status and change. The information obtained should improve capacity to develop fisheries management policies that are resilient and can be adapted to climate change.