Diabetic retinopathy risk factors
Diabetic retinopathy risk factors
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DOI：
10.1590/s0004-27302008000300003
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Canani, Luís H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Esteves, Jorge;Laranjeira, Andréia F.;Canani, Luís H.
糖尿病视网膜病变（diabeticretinopathy，DR）发生于约95%的1型糖尿病（type 1 diabetes mellitus，DM）患者和60%的2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus，DM）患者，是成年人法律的盲的主要原因。本文的目的是回顾DR的主要风险因素。主要的环境风险因素是高血糖、高血压水平和DM的长期持续时间。然而，并非所有患者都不会发生DR，这表明存在DR的遗传易感性，特别是对于严重形式的DR。已使用特殊策略来评估DR中的遗传作用。家族研究表明，DR存在家族聚集性。（VEGF; PPAR-delta; ICAM-1; ECA; ENPP 1; eNOS）与DR的正相关或负相关。某些染色体也与DR在选定的人群。最后，基因表达研究加强了候选基因或其他基因的参与与DR的存在的关联。DR是DM的常见并发症，并且沿着非遗传或环境风险因素，与DR相关的基因的鉴定可以导致更特异和有效的DR治疗。
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) occurs in about 95% of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and in 60% of type 2 DM patients and it is the main cause of legal blindness in adult people. The aim of this manuscript was to review the main risk factors for DR. The major environmental risk factors are hyperglycemia, high blood pressure levels, and long-term duration of DM. However, not all patients will not develop DR, suggesting the presence of a genetic predisposition to DR, especially for severe forms of DR. Special strategies has been used to evaluate the genetic role in DR. Family studies shown that there is a familial aggregation of DR. Candidates genes have been studied (RAGE, VEGF; PPAR-delta; ICAM-1; ECA; ENPP 1; eNOS) and positive or negative associations with DR were demonstrated. Some chromosomes were also associated to DR in selected populations. Finally, genetic expression studies reinforce the association of candidate genes, or participation of others genes, with the presence of DR. DR is a common complication of DM and, along with non-genetic or environmental risk factors, the identification of genes related to DR could result in more specific and efficient DR treatment.