Huddling behavior in emperor penguins: Dynamics of huddling
Huddling behavior in emperor penguins: Dynamics of huddling
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.04.024
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发表时间：
2006-07-30
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Ancel, Andre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gilbert, Caroline;Robertson, Graham;Ancel, Andre
虽然拥挤被证明是帝企鹅（Aptenodytes forsteri）在南极冬季节省能量和维持快速繁殖的关键，但这种社会行为的复杂性却很少被研究。我们记录了非生物变量与数据记录器粘在羽毛的8个单独标记的帝企鹅调查他们的体温调节行为，并估计他们的“蜷缩时间预算”在整个繁殖季节（配对和孵化期）。与经典观点相反，蜷缩发作是不连续的，持续时间短且可变，持续1.6 +/- 1.7（S.D.）H平均。尽管有异质的群居群体，鸟类也有同样的机会获得温暖。在整个繁殖季节，男性蜷缩38 +/- 18%（S.D.）这使得鸟类暴露在0摄氏度以上的环境温度（平均外部温度为-17摄氏度）。由于紧密的拥挤，在13 +/- 12%（S.D.）他们的时间。环境温度上升到37.5摄氏度，接近鸟类的体温。因此，这种复杂的社会行为使所有繁殖者能够定期和平等地进入一个环境，使他们能够节省能源，并在南极冬季成功孵化他们的蛋。(c)2006年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Although huddling was shown to be the key by which emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) save energy and sustain their breeding fast during the Antarctic winter, the intricacies of this social behavior have been poorly studied. We recorded abiotic variables with data loggers glued to the feathers of eight individually marked emperor penguins to investigate their thermoregulatory behavior and to estimate their "huddling time budget" throughout the breeding season (pairing and incubation period). Contrary to the classic view, huddling episodes were discontinuous and of short and variable duration, lasting 1.6 +/- 1.7 (S.D.) h on average. Despite heterogeneous huddling groups, birds had equal access to the warmth of the huddles. Throughout the breeding season, males huddled for 38 +/- 18% (S.D.) of their time, which raised the ambient temperature that birds were exposed to above 0 degrees C (at average external temperatures of -17 degrees C). As a consequence of tight huddles, ambient temperatures were above 20 degrees C during 13 +/- 12% (S.D.) of their huddling time. Ambient temperatures increased up to 37.5 degrees C, close to birds' body temperature. This complex social behavior therefore enables all breeders to get a regular and equal access to an environment which allows them to save energy and successfully incubate their eggs during the Antarctic winter. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.