Microtubules and biotic interactions
Microtubules and biotic interactions
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DOI：
10.1111/tpj.12171
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Hardham, Adrienne R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hardham, Adrienne R.
植物微管对共生和病原生物的反应经历了广泛的重组。在与根瘤菌和菌根真菌成功共生的发展过程中，新型微管阵列分别促进了从植物表面通过表皮和皮层细胞的感染线和菌丝的进展。在病毒和线虫感染期间，植物微管似乎被病原体征用。病毒利用植物微管进行细胞内和细胞间的运动，以及宿主间的传播。线虫操纵纺锤体和成膜体微管以促进合胞体和巨细胞发育过程中的有丝分裂和部分胞质分裂。病原细菌、真菌和卵菌引起一系列微管阵列和动力学的改变。在许多情况下，病原体，或从它们衍生的激发子或效应蛋白，诱导植物皮层微管阵列的解聚。在某些情况下，微管破坏与植物防御反应和抗性有关。在其他情况下，微管解聚会增加植物对入侵病原体的易感性。这种明显的不一致性的原因可能取决于许多因素，特别是对组织的微管变化的身份。总的来说，大量证据表明，微管在建立功能性共生体和防御入侵病原体方面发挥着重要作用。研究开始揭示植物微管阵列在生物相互作用期间响应的化学和机械信号的性质的细节。
Plant microtubules undergo extensive reorganization in response to symbiotic and pathogenic organisms. During the development of successful symbioses with rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi, novel microtubule arrays facilitate the progression of infection threads and hyphae, respectively, from the plant surface through epidermal and cortical cells. During viral and nematode infections, plant microtubules appear to be commandeered by the pathogen. Viruses use plant microtubules for intra and intercellular movement, as well as for interhost transmission. Nematodes manipulate spindle and phragmoplast microtubules to enhance mitosis and partial cytokinesis during the development of syncytia and giant cells. Pathogenic bacteria, fungi and oomycetes induce a range of alterations to microtubule arrays and dynamics. In many situations, the pathogen, or the elicitor or effector proteins derived from them, induce depolymerization of plant cortical microtubule arrays. In some cases, microtubule disruption is associated with the plant defence response and resistance. In other cases, microtubule depolymerization increases plant susceptibility to the invading pathogen. The reasons for this apparent inconsistency may depend on a number of factors, in particular on the identity of the organism orchestrating the microtubule changes. Overall, the weight of evidence indicates that microtubules play an important role in both the establishment of functional symbioses and in defence against invading pathogens. Research is beginning to unravel details about the nature of both the chemical and the mechanical signals to which the plant microtubule arrays respond during biotic interactions.