Glutathione and immune function
Glutathione and immune function
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DOI：
10.1017/s0029665100000847
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发表时间：
2000-11-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Breitkreutz, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dröge, W;Breitkreutz, R
如果淋巴细胞的谷胱甘肽处于微妙平衡的中间水平，那么免疫系统就会发挥最佳作用。即使细胞内谷胱甘肽水平的适度变化也会对淋巴细胞功能产生深远的影响。某些功能，例如 DNA 合成反应，对活性氧中间体极其敏感，因此受到高水平抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽的支持。相反，某些信号通路会因氧化条件而增强，并受到低细胞内谷胱甘肽水平的支持。现有证据表明，健康人类受试者的淋巴细胞平均具有最佳谷胱甘肽水平。没有迹象表明健康人类受试者的免疫功能例如抗感染性或对疫苗接种的反应可以通过施用谷胱甘肽或其前体氨基酸半胱氨酸而增强。然而，与半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽缺乏相关的疾病中的免疫功能可能会通过补充半胱氨酸而显着增强并可能恢复。这个因素在人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 感染患者的案例中得到了最广泛的研究，发现这些患者平均会经历 S 的大量损失，相当于每天约 4 g 半胱氨酸的净损失。两项随机安慰剂对照试验表明，用 N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗 HIV 感染患者的所有受试免疫功能均显着增强，包括自然杀伤细胞活性几乎完全恢复。半胱氨酸补充剂是否也适用于与平均血浆胱氨酸水平低和免疫功能受损相关的其他疾病和病症，仍有待测试。
The immune system works best if the lymphoid cells have a delicately balanced intermediate level of glutathione. Even moderate changes in the intracellular glutathione level have profound effects on lymphocyte functions. Certain functions, such as the DNA synthetic response, are exquisitely sensitive to reactive oxygen intermediates and, therefore, are favoured by high levels of the antioxidant glutathione. Certain signal pathways, in contrast, are enhanced by oxidative conditions and favoured by low intracellular glutathione levels. The available evidence suggests that the lymphocytes from healthy human subjects have, on average, an optimal glutathione level. There is no indication that immunological functions such as resistance to infection or the response to vaccination may be enhanced in healthy human subjects by administration of glutathione or its precursor amino acid cysteine. However, immunological functions in diseases that are associated with a cysteine and glutathione deficiency may be significantly enhanced and potentially restored by cysteine supplementation. This factor has been studied most extensively in the case of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients who were found to experience, on average, a massive loss of S equivalent to a net loss of approximately 4 g cysteine/d. Two randomized placebo-controlled trials have shown that treatment of HIV-infected patients with N-acetylcysteine caused in both cases a significant increase in all immunological functions under test, including an almost complete restoration of natural killer cell activity. It remains to be tested whether cysteine supplementation may be useful also in other diseases and conditions that are associated with a low mean plasma cystine level and impaired immunological functions.