Firms in international trade
Firms in international trade
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DOI：
10.1257/jep.21.3.105
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
Schott, Peter K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernard, Andrew B.;Jensen, J. Bradford;Schott, Peter K.
自20世纪90年代中期以来，研究人员使用微观数据集在企业层面研究各国的生产和贸易，发现出口企业与只服务于国内市场的企业有很大不同。在广泛的国家和行业中，出口企业被证明比非出口企业规模更大、生产率更高、技能和资本密集度更高，而且支付的工资更高。这些差异甚至在出口开始之前就已经存在，并对评估贸易收益及其在生产要素中的分配产生重要影响。新的实证研究挑战了传统的国际贸易模型，因此，国际贸易领域的焦点已经从国家和行业转向企业和产品。最近可获得的交易级美国贸易数据揭示了有关企业参与国际市场的新的程式化事实，最近纳入异质企业行为的国际贸易理论在解释贸易模式和生产率增长方面取得了实质性进展。
Since the mid-1990s, researchers have used micro datasets to study countries' production and trade at the firm level and have found that exporting firms differ substantially from firms that solely serve the domestic market. Across a wide range of countries and industries, exporting firms have been shown to be larger, more productive, more skill- and capital-intensive, and to pay higher wages than nonexporting firms. These differences exist even before exporting begins and have important consequences for evaluating the gains from trade and their distribution across factors of production. The new empirical research challenges traditional models of international trade and, as a result, the focus of the international trade field has shifted from countries and industries towards firms and products. Recently available transaction-level U.S. trade data reveal new stylized facts about firms' participation in international markets, and recent theories of international trade incorporating the behavior of heterogenous firms have made substantial progress in explaining patterns of trade and productivity growth.