Cost effectiveness of wearing head protection on all-terrain vehicles.
Cost effectiveness of wearing head protection on all-terrain vehicles.
复制标题
在全地形车辆上佩戴头部防护装置的成本效益。
DOI：
10.1080/10599240903041885
复制
发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Mazur,JoanM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Myers,MelvinL;Cole,HenryP;Mazur,JoanM
在过去的三十年中，全地形车（ATV）的使用在美国和其他地方增加，沿着导致严重伤害的事故频率增加，其中包括头部伤害。ATV是专为机动越野工作和娱乐而设计的，重量可达600磅（272公斤），速度可高达75英里/小时（120公里/小时）。从1982年到2006年，ATV撞车事故，包括碰撞和倾覆，造成8104人死亡。三分之一的死者是16岁以下的青年。头盔可以降低42%的死亡风险和64%的非致命伤害风险。在这项研究中，决策分析，以确定潜在的减少率的致命性和非致命性的头部损伤与碰撞，根据头部保护，而乘坐全地形车的普遍磨损。此外，基于这种伤害率的降低，进行了成本效益分析，以确定节省每伤害避免亚视车手与头部保护。作者发现，238例头部受伤，包括每10万名ATV驾驶员中有2人死亡，平均每年运营145小时，可以通过乘坐ATV时普遍佩戴头部保护装置来避免。以5%的折扣率计算致命和非致命头部受伤的社会直接和间接成本，如果亚视司机普遍佩戴头部保护装置，在50年内，每起避免的伤害可节省364，306美元。如果将暴露时间调整为每年2000小时，则可以避免3276例头部受伤，包括每100，000例死亡23例，社会成本节省509，172美元。
The use of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) has increased in the United States and elsewhere over the last three decades, along with an increased frequency of incidents resulting in serious injuries, among which have been head injuries. ATVs are designed for motorized off-highway work and recreation, can weigh up to 600 lbs (272 kg), and may reach speeds as high as 75 mph (120 km/h). ATV crashes, including collisions and overturns, were responsible for 8104 fatalities from 1982 to 2006. One third of those killed were youth under 16 years of age. Helmets may reduce risk of death by 42% and nonfatal injury by 64%. In this study, a decision analysis was applied to determine the potential reduction in the rate of fatal and nonfatal head injuries associated with crashes, based upon the universal wearing of head protection while riding on ATVs. In addition, based upon this reduction in injury rate, a cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted to determine the savings per injury averted among ATV riders with head protection. The authors found that 238 head injuries, including 2 fatalities per 100,000 ATV drivers with an average of 145 hours of annual operation, could be averted by the universal wearing of head protection while riding on ATVs. Taking into account the social direct and indirect costs of fatal and nonfatal head injuries at a 5% discount rate, US$364,306 could be saved per injury averted over a 50-year period if there were universal wearing of head protection by ATV drivers. If the exposure is adjusted to 2000 hours per year for an equivalent work year, 3276 head injuries could be averted including 23 fatalities per 100,000 at a social cost savings of US$509,172.