Rhinanthus minor L.
Rhinanthus minor L.
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小犀牛 L.
DOI：
10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00929.x
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
D. Westbury
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Westbury
玄参科、马先蒿科。黄响声。 Rhinanthus minor L. sensu lato 是一种夏季一年生兼性半寄生性植物。茎直立，单一或分枝，长达500毫米，四角，通常有黑色条纹或斑点。叶20-30毫米×(2-)5-8毫米，对生，无柄，基部近心形，卵形到披针形，全缘到有牙齿，至少上面粗糙，有毛或无毛。花单生，近无柄，生于顶生穗状总状花序的叶状苞片腋中。苞片三角形，无毛或有点粗糙，长到稍短于花萼；苞片的下齿不比上齿长很多。居间叶（位于主茎最高分枝和最低苞片之间的节处）0-6对。花萼4齿且扁平，通常中绿色或带微红色调，仅边缘有毛，或全身有毛。花冠12-15(-17)毫米，黄色到棕黄色；花冠口稍张开。下唇三裂，远离上唇向下翻。上唇压缩，顶端下方有两颗紫罗兰色牙齿（圆形），< 1 毫米，短于宽。花冠背线±近端直，并入凸形弯曲的上唇。双动力；雄蕊包括在花冠上唇。柱头内含或轻微外露。花药裂片有毛，不短尖。种子蒴果短于花萼，压扁且室状，种子很少。种子多少盘状，总是有翅，没有油体。种子 4.9 × 3.8 毫米；平均种子质量 2.84 毫克（Grime 等人，1988 年）。
Scrophulariaceae, Pedicularieae. Yellow-rattle. Rhinanthus minor L. sensu lato is a summer annual, facultative hemiparasitic therophyte. Stem erect, simple or branched and up to 500 mm, 4-angled and often streaked or spotted black. Leaves 20–30 mm × (2–)5–8 mm, opposite, sessile, subcordate at base, ovate to lanceolate and entire to dentate, scabrid at least above, hairy or not. Flowers solitary, subsessile, in axils of leaf-like bracts in terminal spike-like racemes. Bracts triangular, glabrous or somewhat scabrid, longer to slightly shorter than calyx; lower teeth of bracts not much longer than the upper. Intercalary leaves (at nodes on the main stem between the highest branches and the lowest bract) 0–6 pairs. Calyx 4-toothed and flattened, usually mid-green or with a reddish-tinge, hairy only on the margins, or all over. Corolla 12–15(–17) mm, yellow to brownish-yellow; mouth of corolla somewhat open. Lower lip 3-lobed, turned down away from upper lip. Upper lip compressed, with two violet teeth (rounded) below the apex, < 1 mm, shorter than wide. Dorsal line of corolla ± straight proximally, merging into convexly curved upper lip. Didynamous; stamens included in upper lip of corolla. Stigma included or slightly exserted. Anther-lobes hairy, not mucronate. Seed capsules shorter than calyx, compressed and loculicidal, seeds few. Seeds ± discoid, always winged, without oil-body. Seeds 4.9 × 3.8 mm; mean seed mass 2.84 mg (Grime et al. 1988).