The genetic structure and adaptation of Andean highlanders and Amazonians are influenced by the interplay between geography and culture
The genetic structure and adaptation of Andean highlanders and Amazonians are influenced by the interplay between geography and culture
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2013773117
复制
发表时间：
2020-12-22
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Guio, Heinner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borda, Victor;Alvim, Isabela;Guio, Heinner
南美洲西部是世界文明的摇篮之一。著名的印加帝国只是始于11,000至14,000年前的一个进化过程的冰山一角。来自18个秘鲁种群的遗传数据揭示了以下内容：1）安第斯山脉中南部种群间的同质化及其与相似纬度的亚马逊种群的分化并没有向北延伸。相反，考古学揭示的秘鲁、安第斯山脉和亚马逊流域的北方海岸之间的纵向基因流动伴随着文化和社会经济的相互作用。这一模式概括了肥沃的北部（海拔较低）和干旱的南部（安第斯山脉海拔较高）之间的环境和文化差异，成为安第斯山脉和亚马逊河流域截然不同的环境之间的遗传屏障。2)干旱的安第斯山脉人口之间的遗传同质化不仅是由于印加帝国或随后的殖民时期的移民。它至少开始于瓦里帝国早期的扩张时期（距今600至1,000年）。3)这一人口统计学历史允许在干旱的高海拔安第斯山脉与亚马逊热带雨林的低海拔地区进行积极的自然选择：在安第斯山脉，HAND 2-AS 1的一个假定的增强子（心脏和神经嵴衍生物表达2个反义RNA 1，与心血管功能相关的非编码基因）和DUOX 2中的rs 269868-C/Ser 1067（双重氧化酶2，与甲状腺功能和先天免疫相关）基因，以及在亚马逊，编码CD 45蛋白的基因，在病毒-宿主相互作用中，CD 45蛋白对于T和B淋巴细胞的抗原识别是必需的。
Western South America was one of the worldwide cradles of civilization. The well-known Inca Empire was the tip of the iceberg of an evolutionary process that started 11,000 to 14,000 years ago. Genetic data from 18 Peruvian populations reveal the following: 1) The between-population homogenization of the central southern Andes and its differentiation with respect to Amazonian populations of similar latitudes do not extend northward. Instead, longitudinal gene flow between the northern coast of Peru, Andes, and Amazonia accompanied cultural and socioeconomic interactions revealed by archeology. This pattern recapitulates the environmental and cultural differentiation between the fertile north, where altitudes are lower, and the arid south, where the Andes are higher, acting as a genetic barrier between the sharply different environments of the Andes and Amazonia. 2) The genetic homogenization between the populations of the arid Andes is not only due to migrations during the Inca Empire or the subsequent colonial period. It started at least during the earlier expansion of the Wari Empire (600 to 1,000 years before present). 3) This demographic history allowed for cases of positive natural selection in the high and arid Andes vs. the low Amazon tropical forest: in the Andes, a putative enhancer in HAND2-AS1 (heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 antisense RNA1, a noncoding gene related to cardiovascular function) and rs269868-C/Ser1067 in DUOX2 (dual oxidase 2, related to thyroid function and innate immunity) genes and, in the Amazon, the gene encoding for the CD45 protein, essential for antigen recognition by T and B lymphocytes in viral-host interaction.