Germline-specific labeling of the somatic chromosomes by protein phosphatase 2A and histone H3S28 phosphorylation in Acricotopus lucidus.
Germline-specific labeling of the somatic chromosomes by protein phosphatase 2A and histone H3S28 phosphorylation in Acricotopus lucidus.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00709-017-1092-1
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发表时间：
2017-09
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Staiber W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Staiber W
在摇蚊科的一个亚科直枝摇蚊亚科中，作为一种特殊的生殖细胞体分化形式，建立了限于生殖细胞的额外染色体（=Ks）（Bauer and Beermann in Z Naturforsch 7 b：557-563，）。Ks与体细胞染色体（=Ss）一起通过一个复杂的染色体周期，在有丝分裂时消除，所有Ks都单极迁移。Ks和Ss在这些特殊的有丝分裂中的不同行为开始了在正枝藻Acricotopus lucidus中寻找差异染色体标记的研究。搜索，使用免疫荧光，发现在中期的男性生殖器有丝分裂，和减数分裂分裂，Ss完全标记的蛋白磷酸酶2A（PP 2A）和组蛋白H3 S28 ph，而在中期的体细胞这两个标记只检测到在着丝粒的Ss。在另一种直枝藻中，Psectrocladius obvius的Ss标记模式与A. H3 S28 ph的lucidus被建立，但PP 2A的lucidus没有被建立，PP 2A仅定位于着丝粒。在裸摇蚊中，不具有Ks、PP 2A和H3 S28 ph信号的摇蚊总是局限于着丝粒。高水平的H3 K4 me 3，转录活性染色质的标记，检测到的S在中期I的C。nuditaris，而在两个直枝藻中，中期I的Ss缺乏H3 K4 me 3信号。这有力地支持了早期的观点，即在A的雄性减数分裂中S沉默。lucidus，这表明将这一概念扩展到直枝藻亚科的可能性。A.明亮的不仅是明显的Ks的出现，但也通过生殖系特异性标记的Ss的PP 2A和H3 S28 ph。
Additional chromosomes limited to the germline (=Ks) were established as a special form of germline–soma differentiation in the Orthocladiinae, a subfamily of the Chironomidae (Bauer and Beermann in Z Naturforsch 7b: 557–563,). The Ks together with the somatic chromosomes (=Ss) pass through a complex chromosome cycle with elimination at mitosis and a monopolar migration of all Ks. The dissimilar behavior of Ks and Ss in these exceptional mitoses initiated the search for differential chromosome marks in the orthocladiid Acricotopus lucidus. The search, using immunofluorescence, revealed that in metaphases of male gonial mitoses, and both meiotic divisions, the Ss are fully labeled by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and histone H3S28ph, while in metaphases of somatic cells both marks were detected only at the centromeres of the Ss. In another orthocladiid, Psectrocladius obvius, the same labeling pattern of the Ss as in A. lucidus was established for H3S28ph, but not for PP2A, which was localised solely at the centromeres. In Chironomus nuditaris, a species possessing no Ks, PP2A and H3S28ph signals were always restricted to the centromeres. High levels of H3K4me3, a marker of transcriptionally competent chromatin, were detected on the Ss in metaphases I of C. nuditaris, while in both orthocladiids, the Ss in metaphases I were devoid of H3K4me3 signals. This strongly supports an earlier idea of a silencing of the Ss in male meiosis of A. lucidus suggesting the possibility of extending this concept to the Orthocladiinae. The germline–soma differentiation in A. lucidus is not only made apparent by the occurrence of Ks but also by a germline-specific labeling of the Ss by PP2A and H3S28ph.
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