Direct Perception of Action-Scaled Affordances: The Shrinking Gap Problem
Direct Perception of Action-Scaled Affordances: The Shrinking Gap Problem
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DOI：
10.1037/a0023510
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Matthis, Jonathan S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fajen, Brett R.;Matthis, Jonathan S.
本研究的目的是调查行动可能性的感知（即，可供性），其取决于一个人的移动能力，并且更具体地，取决于会聚障碍物之间的缩小间隙的可通过性。我们引入了一个新的光学不变量，指定在内在单位的最小运动速度需要安全地通过一个缩小的差距。在自运动期间检测此信息需要恢复可归因于障碍物运动的障碍物的局部光学扩展的分量，而与自运动无关。原则上，恢复障碍物运动分量可以涉及视觉或非视觉自运动信息。我们在两个实验中研究了视觉和非视觉的贡献，在这两个实验中，受试者走过一个虚拟环境，并判断是否有可能通过一个缩小的差距。在一小部分试验中，通过改变受试者在虚拟环境中移动的速度，独立地操纵视觉和非视觉自我运动信息。这种捕获试验的判断与正常试验的判断的比较显示视觉和非视觉的贡献，以检测有关最小步行速度的信息。
The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of possibilities for action (i.e., affordances) that depend on one's movement capabilities, and more specifically, the passability of a shrinking gap between converging obstacles. We introduce a new optical invariant that specifies in intrinsic units the minimum locomotor speed needed to safely pass through a shrinking gap. Detecting this information during self-motion requires recovering the component of the obstacles' local optical expansion attributable to obstacle motion, independent of self-motion. In principle, recovering the obstacle motion component could involve either visual or non-visual self-motion information. We investigated the visual and non-visual contributions in two experiments in which subjects walked through a virtual environment and made judgments about whether it was possible to pass through a shrinking gap. On a small percentage of trials, visual and non-visual self-motion information were independently manipulated by varying the speed with which subjects moved through the virtual environment. Comparisons of judgments on such catch trials with judgments on normal trials revealed both visual and non-visual contributions to the detection of information about minimum walking speed.