Guttation: Quantification, Microbiology and Implications for Phytopathology
Guttation: Quantification, Microbiology and Implications for Phytopathology
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-38797-5_7
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Singh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Singh
排水沟是位于叶片顶端、沿叶片边缘以及叶的近轴面和远轴面的水囊分泌液体的过程。水生植物，也被称为水孔或水孔，与气孔不同，它总是开放的，代表着对液体从它们流出的阻力最小的路径。液中含有多种活性成分和非活性成分。生物材料包括藻类、真菌、细菌、类病毒和病毒。非生物有机成分包括毒素、真菌毒素、生物碱、蛋白质、酶、糖、氨基酸、挥发物、激素、维生素等，无机成分包括钠、钾、钙、镁、锰、硼、钴、锌、硒、镍、氟、硅、砷、铝、氯、氨、硝酸盐、PO4、SO4、CO3、HCO3等。此外，还描述了排泄的微生物学方面，特别是藻类、真菌、细菌和病毒疾病以及由这些病原生物产生的毒素的发生率。还概述了寄主植物产生新化学物质作为保护其免受病原体有害影响的策略。这里的目标是激发关于我们在与喉咙相关的生理学和生物化学方面的知识缺口的讨论，包括遗传方面，以及与喉咙相关的微生物学。一个长期目标是设计和创造提高生产力的改良植物类型，并制定有效的植物病害控制措施，以帮助在人口迅速增长的世界中维持农业。更好地了解管腔背后的生理学可能会对这一愿望做出重大贡献。
Guttation is the process of liquid exudation from hydathodes situated on the tip, along the margins and adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves. Hydathodes, also known as water stomata or water pores, unlike stomata, are always open representing the path of least resistance to the liquid outflow from them. Guttation fluids contain a variety of living and non-living ingredients. The living materials include algae, fungi, bacteria, viroids and viruses. The non-living organic constituents include toxins, mycotoxins, alkaloids, proteins, enzymes, sugars, amino acids, volatiles, hormones, vitamins, etc., and the inorganic components include Na, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, B, Co, Zn, Se, Ni, Fl, Si, As, Al, Cl, NH4,NO3,PO4, SO4, CO3, HCO3, etc. This review highlights various techniques for measuring guttation, both qualitative and quantitative, and their use and utility are discussed. Further, the microbiological aspects of guttation, with particular reference to the incidence of algal, fungal, bacterial and viral diseases and toxins produced by these pathogenic organisms, are described. The production of new chemicals by host plant as strategies to protect from harmful effects of pathogens is also outlined. The goal here is to stimulate discussion on our gaps of knowledge in the physiology and biochemistry related to guttation including genetic aspects, and the microbiology associated with guttation. A long-range goal is to design and create improved plant types with increased productivity, and developing effective control measures for plant diseases, to help sustain agriculture in a world with a burgeoning human population. A better understanding of the physiology behind guttation might contribute substantially to this aspiration.