Disturbance regimes, gap‐demanding trees and seed mass related to tree height in warm temperate rain forests worldwide
Disturbance regimes, gap‐demanding trees and seed mass related to tree height in warm temperate rain forests worldwide
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全球暖温带雨林中与树高相关的干扰状况、间隙需求树木和种子质量
DOI：
10.1111/brv.12029
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Valido
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Grubb;P. Bellingham;T. Kohyama;F. Piper;A. Valido
对于热带低地雨林，Denslow（1987）假设，在大规模干扰的地区，对光需求高的树种占植物群的比例更大;测试结果不一致。目前还没有对暖温带雨林（WTRFs）进行测试，但它们提供了一个有希望的测试场地，因为它们在干扰程度上差异很大。WTRF主要由Microphylls sensu Raunkiaer组成，具有比热带或亚热带雨林更简单的结构和地貌范围。它发生在世界六个地区：东亚，新西兰，智利，南非，澳大利亚东南部和亚速尔群岛。在亚速尔群岛，它大部分都被摧毁了，所以我们研究了加那利群岛上的亚热带山地雨林（STMRF），它也代表了曾经横跨欧亚大陆南部的WTRF的遗迹。我们试图找到是否在这六个地区的树种的比例需要树冠间隙建立反映了风，山体滑坡，火山爆发（熔岩流和火山灰），洪水或火灾的树冠干扰的频率和/或程度。我们使用标准的植物区系和生态帐户，制定了核心树种的名单，通常达到5米的高度。我们排除了非常罕见、分布非常局限或局限于特殊栖息地（例如沿海森林或岩石）的物种。我们使用已发表的帐户和我们自己的经验将物种分为三组：（1）需要建立冠层间隙;（2）在建立后不久（几个月或几年）需要整个遮荫或冠层间隙;（3）不同程度地更耐荫。第1组物种根据所需的树冠开口类型进行划分：树落间隙，山体滑坡，熔岩流，洪水或火灾。只有一些显着差异的比例组1种是一致的干扰程度的差异，即使在某些情况下，其他因素似乎有可能在进化过程中产生了重大的决定性影响。我们还试图确定在土壤种子库中至少“短期持续”（持续2-4年）的物种是否都需要建立冠层间隙。答案是否定的;一些耐荫植物的种子大量积累在土壤中，这些物种能够从深荫下的土壤扰动中受益。我们发现一个显着的和强大的正相关关系，在日本的平均种子质量和成熟树高，弱的正相关关系，在新西兰和其他四个地区没有任何关系。当比较第1组和第3组物种的种子质量值时，我们得到了不同的答案，这取决于我们是否局限于分类学控制的对比。只有在两个四个地区的数量可观的物种在组1是这样的物种的平均种子质量显着低于组3物种时，分类相关性被忽略。
For tropical lowland rain forests, Denslow (1987) hypothesized that in areas with large‐scale disturbances tree species with a high demand for light make up a larger proportion of the flora; results of tests have been inconsistent. There has been no test for warm temperate rain forests (WTRFs), but they offer a promising testing ground because they differ widely in the extent of disturbance. WTRF is dominated by microphylls sensu Raunkiaer and has a simpler structure and range of physiognomy than tropical or subtropical rain forests. It occurs in six parts of the world: eastern Asia, New Zealand, Chile, South Africa, SE Australia and the Azores. On the Azores it has been mostly destroyed, so we studied instead the subtropical montane rain forest (STMRF) on the Canary Islands which also represents a relict of the kind of WTRF that once stretched across southern Eurasia. We sought to find whether in these six regions the proportion of tree species needing canopy gaps for establishment reflects the frequency and/or extent of canopy disturbance by wind, landslide, volcanic eruptions (lava flow and ash fall), flood or fire. We used standard floras and ecological accounts to draw up lists of core tree species commonly reaching 5 m height. We excluded species which are very rare, very localized in distribution, or confined to special habitats, e.g. coastal forests or rocky sites. We used published accounts and our own experience to classify species into three groups: (1) needing canopy gaps for establishment; (2) needing either light shade throughout or a canopy gap relatively soon (a few months or years) after establishment; and (3) variously more shade‐tolerant. Group 1 species were divided according the kind of canopy opening needed: tree‐fall gap, landslide, lava flow, flood or fire. Only some of the significant differences in proportion of Group 1 species were consistent with differences in the extent of disturbance; even in some of those cases other factors seem likely to have had a major determining influence during evolution. We also sought to determine whether the species that are at least ‘short‐term persistent’ in the soil seed bank (lasting 2–4 years) are all species needing canopy gaps for establishment. The answer was negative; large numbers of seeds of some shade‐tolerants accumulate in the soil, and these species are able to benefit from soil disturbance in deep shade. We found a significant and strong positive relationship in Japan between mean seed mass and mature tree height, a weak positive relationship in New Zealand and no relationship in any of the other four regions. When comparing the seed mass values of Group 1 and Group 3 species we obtained different answers depending on whether or not we confined ourselves to taxonomically controlled contrasts. In only two of the four regions with an appreciable number of species in Group 1 is the mean seed mass of such species significantly lower than that of Group 3 species when taxonomic relatedness is ignored.
影响因子：
2
作者：
M. Miura;Shin‐ichi Yamamoto
通讯作者：
M. Miura;Shin‐ichi Yamamoto
南美洲新生代古植物区系的气候植物气候
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
Revista Geologica de Chile 32(1)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hinojosa;Luis Felipe
通讯作者：
Luis Felipe