GOVERNANCE, LOCAL POLITICS AND DISTRICTIZATION IN TANZANIA: THE 1998 ARUMERU TAX REVOLT
GOVERNANCE, LOCAL POLITICS AND DISTRICTIZATION IN TANZANIA: THE 1998 ARUMERU TAX REVOLT
复制标题
坦桑尼亚的治理、地方政治和区划：1998 年 ARUMERU 税收革命
DOI：
10.1093/afraf/99.397.533
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
T. Kelsall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Kelsall
本文记录了坦桑尼亚独立后农村政治动员最显著的例子之一：1998年在Arumeru地区的税收反抗。这场叛乱恰逢多党民主制的引入，以及捐助者对治理议程的推动。本文分析了起义的过程，认为它在很大程度上受到精英利益的制约，因此不应被视为与治理理论家的愿望相一致的那种大众赋权的证据。这场反抗被解释为坦桑尼亚政治“区域化”的一个例子，这一现象对该国未来的问责制和稳定具有重要影响。本文的主题是1998年上半年发生在坦桑尼亚东北部阿鲁梅鲁地区西部的一场税收反抗。争端中最引人注目的事件包括该区几乎全体居民拒绝支付发展税、殴打委员会税务员、焚烧委员会主席的房子并使他随后辞职、多达15 000人在阿鲁沙的地区总部举行游行、总理的干预、争端蔓延到其他地区以及随后的蒂姆·凯尔萨尔（Tim Kelsall）是政治学演说家。泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔大学。他的伦敦博士研究了坦桑尼亚治理议程的影响，并参与了1996-97年在Arumeru地区的实地考察。这篇文章取材于报纸剪报、官方报道以及1999年起义后他的前研究助理在精英和大众层面进行的采访。为了保护线人的利益，采访来源没有被提及。作者感谢Bruce Heilman首先提醒他注意在Arumeru发生的税收叛乱。他感谢他在该地区的联络人寄给他与这篇文章有关的资料，也感谢Peter Gibbon关于“区化”现象的讨论。1. “地区化”一词描述了坦桑尼亚地方一级精英阶层重新配置的过程，我归功于彼得·吉本（Peter Gibbon）：见彼得·吉本（Peter Gibbon），《一瘸一拐地走向一条渠：坦桑尼亚棉花销售合作社的勇敢新世界》。工作文件第（发展研究中心，哥本哈根，1998年）。2. 松巴旺加区议会主席也因滥用资金被撤职。见1998年6月29日《卫报》（达累斯萨拉姆）（我感谢Bruce Heilman提醒我这一点）；姆贝亚的反对派积极分子敦促居民不要纳税，尼帕什（达累斯萨拉姆）1998年12月14日。
This article documents one of the most remarkable instances of rural political mobilization in post-Independence Tanzania: a tax revolt in 1998 in Arumeru District. The revolt coincided with the introduction of mule-party democracy and the promotion by donors of a governance agenda. The article analyzes the course of the revolt, arguing that it was heavily conditioned by elite interests, and should not therefore be taken as evidence of the kind of popular empowerment compatible with the aspirations of governance theorists. The revolt is explained as an instance of the 'districtization' 1 of Tanzanian politics, a phenomenon with important implications for future accountability and stability in the country. THE SUBJECT OF THIS ARTICLE IS A TAX REVOLT which centred in the west of Arumeru District, north-east Tanzania, in the first half of 1998. The most dramatic events in the dispute included the refusal of almost the entire population of the District to pay the development levy, the beating up of Council tax collectors, the burning of the Council chairman's house and his subsequent resignation, a march by as many as 15,000 people on the Regional Headquarters in Arusha, the intervention of the Prime Minister, the spread of the dispute to other Districts2 and a subsequent Tim Kelsall is lecturer in politics, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. His London PhD examined the impact of the governance agenda in Tanzania, and involved fieldwork in Arumeru District in 1996-97. This article draws on newspaper cuttings, official reports and interviews conducted at elite and popular levels by his former research assistant in 1999 in the aftermath of the revolt. Interview sources are not referenced in the interests of protecting informants. The author is grateful to Bruce Heilman for first alerting him to the occurrence of a tax revolt in Arumeru. He thanks his contacts in the District for sending him data relevant to this article and also Peter Gibbon for discussions surrounding the phenomenon of 'districtization'. 1. The term 'districtization', which describes processes of elite reconfiguration at a local level in Tanzania, I owe to Peter Gibbon: see Peter Gibbon, Limping Towards a Ditch without a Crutch: The brave new world of Tanzanian cotton marketing cooperatives. Working Paper Subseries no. iii (Centre for Development Research, Copenhagen, 1998). 2. The Chair of Sumbawanga District Council was also removed for misuse of funds. See The Guardian (Dar es Salaam), 29 June 1998 (I thank Bruce Heilman for alerting me to this); opposition activists in Mbeya urged residents not to pay tax, Nipashe (Dar es Salaam) 14 December 1998.