Adaptive Communication: Languages with More Non-Native Speakers Tend to Have Fewer Word Forms.

Adaptive Communication: Languages with More Non-Native Speakers Tend to Have Fewer Word Forms.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0128254
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Buttery P
Buttery P
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bentz C;Verkerk A;Kiela D;Hill F;Buttery P

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解释世界各地语言的多样性是类型学、历史语言学和进化语言学的中心目标之一。我们考虑语言接触的影响——一种语言的非母语使用者的数量——对语言变化和发展的影响。通过分析语言家族、地区和文本类型内部和之间的数百种语言,我们发现,接触程度较高的语言通常使用较少的单词形式来编码相同的信息内容(我们将这种特性称为词汇多样性)。基于三种类型的统计分析,我们证明这种差异可以部分解释为非母语人士对信息编码策略的影响。最后,我们认为语言是信息编码系统,由使用者的不同需求形成。语言的进化和变化应该被建模为多个相互交织的适应系统的共同进化:一方面是人类社会的结构和人类的学习能力,另一方面是语言的结构。
Explaining the diversity of languages across the world is one of the central aims of typological, historical, and evolutionary linguistics. We consider the effect of language contact-the number of non-native speakers a language has-on the way languages change and evolve. By analysing hundreds of languages within and across language families, regions, and text types, we show that languages with greater levels of contact typically employ fewer word forms to encode the same information content (a property we refer to as lexical diversity). Based on three types of statistical analyses, we demonstrate that this variance can in part be explained by the impact of non-native speakers on information encoding strategies. Finally, we argue that languages are information encoding systems shaped by the varying needs of their speakers. Language evolution and change should be modeled as the co-evolution of multiple intertwined adaptive systems: On one hand, the structure of human societies and human learning capabilities, and on the other, the structure of language.
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发表时间: 2012-08-24
期刊: Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子: --
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