Cost-effective operating strategy for residential micro-combined heat and power
Cost-effective operating strategy for residential micro-combined heat and power
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DOI：
10.1016/j.energy.2006.06.001
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发表时间：
2007-05
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
A. Hawkes;M. Leach
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Hawkes;M. Leach
通常认为，微热电联产（micro-CHP）的调度应该是热驱动的，其中，当存在热负荷时，机组开启，当存在很少或没有热需求时，机组关闭或调节。然而，这种以热量为主导的操作策略--典型的大规模热电联产应用--随着规模的减小可能在经济上不合理。本文研究了三种微型热电联产技术的成本效益的操作策略;斯特林发动机，燃气发动机和固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC），在合理的能源价格估计。满足一个典型的英国住宅能源需求的成本计算为假设的热为主导，电力为主导的经营策略，并与最优策略。使用中央估计的价格参数，并与一些热能存储存在于系统中，它表明，这三种技术的最低成本的操作策略是遵循热和电力负荷在冬季，而不是使用热需求或电力需求作为唯一的调度信号。最低成本运营策略在夏季因技术而异。就环境结果而言，成本最低的运营战略并不总是导致最低的二氧化碳排放。所得结果对电力回购率敏感。
It is commonly assumed that dispatch of micro-combined heat and power (micro-CHP) should be heat driven, where the unit turns on when a heat load is present, and turns off or modulates when there is little or no heat demand. However, this heat led operating strategy—typical of large-scale CHP applications—may not be economically justified as scale decreases. This article investigates cost-effective operating strategies for three micro-CHP technologies; Stirling engine, gas engine, and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), under reasonable estimates of energy prices. The cost of meeting a typical UK residential energy demand is calculated for hypothetical heat led and electricity led operating strategies, and compared with that of an optimal strategy. Using central estimates of price parameters, and with some thermal energy storage present in the system, it is shown that the least cost operating strategy for the three technologies is to follow heat and electricity load during winter months, rather than using either heat demand or electricity demand as the only dispatch signal. Least cost operating strategy varies between technologies in summer months. In terms of environmental outcomes, the least cost operating strategy does not always result in the lowest carbon dioxide emissions. The results obtained are sensitive to electricity buy-back rate.