Pathways to obesity
Pathways to obesity
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.ijo.0802123
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Jéquier, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jéquier, E
肥胖症在全世界的流行率正在上升，这表明肥胖症的主要原因在于环境和行为变化，而不是基因改变。在环境影响中，日常饮食中脂肪能量的百分比和缺乏体力活动是两个重要因素，这有助于解释肥胖患病率的上升。在这篇综述中，提出了几条证据来说明为什么膳食脂肪会影响肥胖的发展。有四个因素支持膳食脂肪和肥胖发展之间的联系：1。营养素的热效应，以其能量含量的百分比表示，脂质为2 - 3%，碳水化合物为6 - 8%，蛋白质为25 - 30%。这意味着营养素的利用效率（计算为100%-营养素的热效应）是脂肪高于碳水化合物或蛋白质。2.摄食后的燃料选择有利于膳食蛋白质和碳水化合物的氧化，而膳食脂肪优先储存在脂肪组织中的三酰甘油。酒精，通过抑制脂质氧化，间接有利于食物脂肪的储存。3.高脂饮食通过被动的过度消费促进了能量的过度摄入;脂肪诱导的食欲控制信号太弱或太延迟，无法阻止脂肪餐的过度能量摄入.饮食中脂肪有助于体重增加的唯一证据是测试随意低脂饮食的长期影响。大多数关于低脂饮食的研究表明，它们会使肥胖者的体重适度减轻，但从公共卫生的角度来看，它们的长期效果有限，可能是由于对饮食建议的依从性较低。
The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, which indicates that the primary cause of obesity lies in environmental and behavioural changes rather than in genetic modifications. Among the environmental influences, the percentage of fat energy of the everyday diet and the lack of physical activity are two important factors, which contribute to explain the rising prevalence of obesity. In this review, several lines of evidence are presented to illustrate why dietary fat does affect obesity development. There are four factors which support a link between dietary fat and obesity development:1. The thermic effect of nutrients, expressed as percentage of their energy content, is 2 - 3% for lipids, 6 - 8% for carbohydrates and 25 - 30% for proteins. This means that the efficiency of nutrient utilization (calculated as 100%-the thermic effect of the nutrient) is higher for fat than for carbohydrate or protein.2. Postingestive fuel selection favours the oxidation of dietary proteins and carbohydrates, whereas dietary fats are preferentially stored as triacylglycerol in adipose tissue. Alcohol, by inhibiting lipid oxidation, indirectly favours the storage of dietary fats.3. High-fat diet promotes excessive energy intake by passive overconsumption; the fat-induced appetite control signals are too weak or too delayed to prevent excessive energy intake from a fatty meal.4. The only proof that dietary fats contribute to weight gain is to test the long-term effect of ad libitum low-fat diets. Most studies on low-fat diets show that they induce a modest weight loss in obese individuals, but their long-term effect from a public health perspective is limited, probably due to a low compliance to the dietary advice.