The impact of attending historically Black colleges and universities on cognitive decline in Black adults: A longitudinal analysis in the KHANDLE and STAR cohorts.
The impact of attending historically Black colleges and universities on cognitive decline in Black adults: A longitudinal analysis in the KHANDLE and STAR cohorts.
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就读历史悠久的黑人学院和大学对黑人成年人认知能力下降的影响：对 KHANDLE 和 STAR 队列的纵向分析。
DOI：
10.1002/alz.12983
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Glymour,MMaria
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Thomas,MarilynD;Calmasini,Camilla;Khela,Harmon;Mobley,TaylorM;Mayeda,ElizabethRose;Mangurian,Christina;Barnes,LisaL;Gilsanz,Paola;Whitmer,RachelA;Glymour,MMaria
简介黑人学生参加主要是白色机构（PWI）与历史上的黑人学院和大学（HBCU）报告更多的有害歧视和发展更糟糕的心理健康结果，潜在地抵消了大学降低痴呆症发病率的既定好处。（凯泽健康老龄化和多样化生活经验[KHANDLE]和非裔美国人健康老龄化研究[星星]），曾上过大学（N= 716）自我报告学院名称（分类为HBCU与PWI），并完成三波执行功能（EF）和言语情景记忆（VEM）评估。使用调整后的线性混合效应模型估计HBCU对认知水平和下降的影响。结果70岁时，SHBCU（与PWI相比）参加者的平均EF（β= 0.05 [-0.22，0.32]）和VEM（β= 0.21 [-0.06，0.46]）更好，但两者的相关性均不具有统计学意义。HBCU出勤率与VEM下降略快相关（β= −0.03 [−0.05，0.00]）。需要与大型研究协调分析，以估计HBCU出勤率的重要影响。然而，在受过大学教育的成年人中，黑人与白人之间的不平等依然存在。与历史上的黑人学院和大学（HBCU）报告更多的有害歧视和发展更糟糕的心理健康结果，这可能会抵消大学降低痴呆症发病率的既定好处。（与非HBCU相比）平均年龄为70岁的参与者平均执行功能和言语情景记忆（VEM）更好，尽管置信区间很宽，并且相关性没有统计学意义，VEM的平均下降速度略快。可能需要使用更大的全国代表性研究进行协调分析，以避免低估HBCU出勤对健康的影响。
INTRODUCTIONBlack students attending predominantly White institutions (PWIs) versus historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) report more harmful discrimination and develop worse mental health outcomes, potentially offsetting the established benefits of college for lowering dementia incidence.METHODSBlack participants in two cohorts (the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences [KHANDLE] and the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans [STAR]) who had attended college (N= 716) self‐reported the college name (classified as HBCU vs. PWI) and completed three waves of executive function (EF) and verbal episodic memory (VEM) assessments. HBCU effects on cognitive level and decline were estimated using adjusted linear mixed‐effects models.RESULTSHBCU (vs. PWI) attendees averaged better EF (β= 0.05 [−0.22, 0.32]) and VEM (β= 0.21 [−0.06, 0.46]) at age 70 though neither association was statistically significant. HBCU attendance was associated with slightly faster VEM decline (β= −0.03 [−0.05, 0.00]).DISCUSSIONHarmonized analyses with larger studies are needed to estimate important effects of HBCU attendance.HighlightsHigher education is robustly linked to lower dementia risk, yet Black–White inequities persist among college‐educated adults.Black students attending predominantly White institutions (PWIs) versus historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) report more harmful discrimination and develop worse mental health outcomes, which may offset the established benefits of college for lowering dementia incidence.HBCU (vs. non‐HBCU) attendees averaged better executive function and verbal episodic memory (VEM) at average age 70, though confidence intervals were wide and associations were not statistically significant, and averaged slightly faster decline in VEM.Harmonized analyses using larger nationally representative studies are likely needed to avoid underestimating the health effects of HBCU attendance.