Genetic Exchange in an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Results in Increased Rice Growth and Altered Mycorrhiza-Specific Gene Transcription
Genetic Exchange in an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Results in Increased Rice Growth and Altered Mycorrhiza-Specific Gene Transcription
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.05696-11
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Sanders, Ian R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Colard, Alexandre;Angelard, Caroline;Sanders, Ian R.
丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi，AMF）是与大多数陆生植物的专性共生体。它们改善植物营养，特别是磷酸盐的获取，从而能够改善植物生长。作为交换，真菌获得光合作用固定碳。AMF是多核细胞的，这意味着许多细胞核共存于一个共同的细胞质中。遗传交换最近已被证明在AMF球囊内根，允许不同的球囊内根菌株的细胞核混合。这种遗传交换以前被证明对植物生长有负面影响，并改变真菌定殖。然而，没有尝试检测AMF中的遗传交换是否可以改变植物基因表达，以及这种影响是否具有时间依赖性。在这里，我们表明AMF中的遗传交换也可以有利于水稻生长，并且遗传交换改变了共生特异性基因的转录。此外，我们的研究结果表明，遗传交换可以改变真菌在植物中的定殖动态。我们的研究结果表明，AMF遗传学的简单操作可以对它们对植物（如水稻）的共生效应产生重要影响，水稻被认为是世界上最重要的作物。利用天然AMF的遗传变异，通过基因交换产生新的AMF基因型，是开发对作物生长更有利的AMF接种物的一个潜在的有用工具。
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts with most terrestrial plants. They improve plant nutrition, particularly phosphate acquisition, and thus are able to improve plant growth. In exchange, the fungi obtain photosynthetically fixed carbon. AMF are coenocytic, meaning that many nuclei coexist in a common cytoplasm. Genetic exchange recently has been demonstrated in the AMF Glomus intraradices, allowing nuclei of different Glomus intraradices strains to mix. Such genetic exchange was shown previously to have negative effects on plant growth and to alter fungal colonization. However, no attempt was made to detect whether genetic exchange in AMF can alter plant gene expression and if this effect was time dependent. Here, we show that genetic exchange in AMF also can be beneficial for rice growth, and that symbiosis-specific gene transcription is altered by genetic exchange. Moreover, our results show that genetic exchange can change the dynamics of the colonization of the fungus in the plant. Our results demonstrate that the simple manipulation of the genetics of AMF can have important consequences for their symbiotic effects on plants such as rice, which is considered the most important crop in the world. Exploiting natural AMF genetic variation by generating novel AMF genotypes through genetic exchange is a potentially useful tool in the development of AMF inocula that are more beneficial for crop growth.