Strategies to preserve or regenerate spiral ganglion neurons.
Strategies to preserve or regenerate spiral ganglion neurons.
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DOI：
10.1097/01.moo.0000180919.68812.b9
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发表时间：
2005-10-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Hansen, Marlan R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roehm, Pamela C;Hansen, Marlan R
审查目的：毛细胞丧失后螺旋神经节神经元的变性对人工耳蜗植入或毛细胞再生恢复严重听力损失的努力具有重要意义。这篇综述考虑了最近发现的神经营养因子和治疗策略，促进螺旋神经节神经元的存活和轴突生长。这些因素的替代可能有助于保存或再生患者的听觉神经广泛的毛细胞loss.Recent发现：螺旋神经节神经元依赖于神经营养因子提供的毛细胞和其他目标，他们的发展和持续生存。这种营养支持的丧失导致螺旋神经节神经元通过凋亡死亡。毛细胞通过产生几种肽类神经营养因子如神经营养素-3和胶质源性神经营养因子来支持螺旋神经节神经元的存活。此外，从毛细胞释放的神经递质驱动螺旋神经节神经元中的膜电活动，这也支持它们的存活。在动物模型中，肽神经营养因子的替代或植入电极的电刺激减弱了传入神经阻滞后的螺旋神经节神经元变性。细胞死亡抑制剂也可以保护螺旋神经节神经元群体。初步研究表明，从其他神经节移植干细胞或神经元是替代丢失的螺旋神经节神经元的两种潜在策略。诱导螺旋神经节神经元周围过程的再生长，以接近或接触耳蜗植入电极可能有助于优化信号从减少人口neurons.SUMMARY：最近的研究螺旋神经节神经元的发育和生存已经确定了几个营养和neuritogenic因素，保护这些专门的细胞从退化后的毛细胞损失。虽然仍处于初步阶段，但这些策略显示出未来临床应用的前景。
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons following hair cell loss carries critical implications for efforts to rehabilitate severe cases of hearing loss with cochlear implants or hair cell regeneration. This review considers recently identified neurotrophic factors and therapeutic strategies which promote spiral ganglion neuron survival and neurite growth. Replacement of these factors may help preserve or regenerate the auditory nerve in patients with extensive hair cell loss.RECENT FINDINGS: Spiral ganglion neurons depend on neurotrophic factors supplied by hair cells and other targets for their development and continued survival. Loss of this trophic support leads to spiral ganglion neuron death via apoptosis. Hair cells support spiral ganglion neuron survival by producing several peptide neurotrophic factors such as neurotrophin-3 and glial derived neurotrophic factor. In addition, neurotransmitter release from the hair cells drives membrane electrical activity in spiral ganglion neurons which also supports their survival. In animal models, replacement of peptide neurotrophic factors or electrical stimulation with an implanted electrode attenuates spiral ganglion neuron degeneration following deafferentation. Cell death inhibitors can also preserve spiral ganglion neuron populations. Preliminary studies show that transfer of stem cells or neurons from other ganglia are two potential strategies to replace lost spiral ganglion neurons. Inducing the regrowth of spiral ganglion neuron peripheral processes to approximate or contact cochlear implant electrodes may help optimize signaling from a diminished population of neurons.SUMMARY: Recent studies of spiral ganglion neuron development and survival have identified several trophic and neuritogenic factors which protect these specialized cells from degeneration following hair cell loss. While still preliminary, such strategies show promise for future clinical applications.