Rice yields under Rhamphicarpa fistulosa-infested field conditions, and variety selection criteria for resistance and tolerance
Rice yields under Rhamphicarpa fistulosa-infested field conditions, and variety selection criteria for resistance and tolerance
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Rhamphicarpa fisulosa 侵染田间条件下的水稻产量以及抗性和耐受性品种选择标准
DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2016.04.030
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
L. Bastiaans
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Rodenburg;M. Cissoko;I. Dieng;J. Kayeke;L. Bastiaans
兼性寄生杂草 Rhamphicarpa fisulosa 是非洲雨养水稻生产系统中的一个普遍问题。人们对水稻品种在感染水平和受这种根半寄生虫侵染的田地中的产量差异知之甚少。在三个种植季节（2012-2014）期间，进行了一项实验来解决这些知识差距并确定合适的 R 品种选择标准。瘘管抵抗性和耐受性。 64 个适应性低地水稻品种，包括 NERICA 的所有种间低地品种、它们最常见的亲本 - IR64 和 TOG5681 - 以及两个当地流行的品种 - Mwangulu 和 Supa India - 在 anR 中种植。坦桑尼亚南部瘘管病肆虐的田野。正如对兼性寄生虫的预期，寄主植物品种对 R 没有影响。瘘管数字。 R 中一致的品种差异。然而，观察到了瘘管生物量，没有年份×品种的影响，因此该参数可用于选择抗性。去年建立了无寄生虫观察区。由于寄生虫的兼性，产生了这样的R。通过定期早期除草即可简单地获得无瘘管的地块。无寄生虫对照地块的存在使得能够评估有价值的附加信息，例如无寄生虫产量、寄生虫造成的产量损失（RYLR）和耐受性的品种差异。下R。在瘘管虫侵染条件下（3个季节平均值，无年份×品种相互作用效应），稻米产量范围从表现最差品种（TOG5681）的1.2 t ha−1到表现最好品种（NERICA-L-39，-20）的2.4 t ha−1。下R。无瘘管病条件下（仅限 2014 年）水稻产量范围为 2.4 (NERICA-L-22) 至 5.4 t ha−1(NERICA-L-17)。耐受品种的特点是低 RYLR 和高寄生虫生物量（例如 Supa India、NERICA-L-20）。所确定的选择措施在现场条件下有效、简便、实用。他们促进了 13 个高抗性品种、16 个低 RYLR 品种和 2 个高耐受性品种的鉴定。这些品种对于未来的水稻育种计划将具有无价的价值。对于 R 的农民。在瘘管病流行地区，最有前途的品种可能是 NERICA-L-40 和 -31，因为它们在受感染条件下产量高，寄生虫感染水平低。
The facultative parasitic weedRhamphicarpa fistulosa, is a widespread problem in rain-fed rice production systems in Africa. Little is known about rice varietal differences in infection level and yields in fields infested by this root hemi-parasite. During three cropping seasons (2012–2014), an experiment was conducted to address these knowledge gaps and to identify suitable variety selection criteria forR. fistulosaresistance and tolerance. Sixty-four adapted lowland rice varieties, including all interspecific lowland varieties of NERICAs, their most common parents – IR64 and TOG5681 – and two locally popular varieties – Mwangulu and Supa India – were grown in anR. fistulosa-infested field in southern Tanzania. As expected from a facultative parasite, host plant varieties had no effect onR. fistulosanumbers. Consistent varietal differences inR. fistulosabiomass were however observed, with no Year × Variety effects, and this parameter can therefore be used to select for resistance. Parasite-free observation plots were established in the last year. Due to the facultative nature of the parasite, creating suchR. fistulosa-free plots was simply obtained by regular early weeding. The presence of parasite-free control plots enabled assessment of worthwhile additional information such as parasite-free yield, parasite-inflicted yield losses (RYLR) and varietal differences in tolerance. UnderR. fistulosa-infested conditions (3-season averages, no Year × Variety interaction effect), rice grain yields ranged from 1.2 t ha−1for the worst performing variety (TOG5681) to 2.4 t ha−1for the best performing varieties (NERICA-L-39, -20). UnderR. fistulosa-free conditions (2014 only) rice grain yields ranged from 2.4 (NERICA-L-22) to 5.4 t ha−1(NERICA-L-17). Tolerant varieties were characterized by a low RYLRand a high parasite biomass (e.g. Supa India, NERICA-L-20). The selection measures identified are effective, easy and practical under field conditions. They facilitated identification of thirteen varieties with high resistance, sixteen varieties with low RYLRand two varieties with high tolerance. These varieties would be invaluable for future rice breeding programs. For farmers inR. fistulosa-endemic areas the most promising varieties are probably NERICA-L-40 and -31, as they combine good yields under infested conditions with low levels of parasite infection.