Neuroinflammation as Fuel for Axonal Regeneration in the Injured Vertebrate Central Nervous System.
Neuroinflammation as Fuel for Axonal Regeneration in the Injured Vertebrate Central Nervous System.
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DOI：
10.1155/2017/9478542
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Moons L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bollaerts I;Van Houcke J;Andries L;De Groef L;Moons L
中枢神经系统（CNS）损伤是老年人发病和死亡的主要原因之一，因为中枢神经系统再生能力有限，损伤或神经退行性疾病后的修复通常会失败。这种有限的再生潜力背后的原因是多因素的，但其中一个关键方面是神经炎症。尽管传统上认为炎症是有害的，但现在越来越清楚的是，如果提供适当的环境，炎症也可以促进再生。在这里，我们回顾了目前关于急性炎症如何与轴突再生（中枢神经系统修复的重要组成部分）交织在一起的知识。视神经或脊髓损伤后，炎症刺激和/或改变极大地改善了啮齿类动物的再生结果。此外，成年斑马鱼的证据进一步支持了炎症有益作用的假设，斑马鱼具有修复中枢神经系统损伤甚至恢复功能的卓越能力。最后，我们揭示了衰老过程对哺乳动物和斑马鱼中枢神经系统再生能力的影响。由于衰老不仅影响中枢神经系统，还影响免疫系统，预计老年人的再生潜力将进一步下降，这是在寻找新的治疗策略时绝对应该考虑的因素。
Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly, as repair after lesions or neurodegenerative disease usually fails because of the limited capacity of CNS regeneration. The causes underlying this limited regenerative potential are multifactorial, but one critical aspect is neuroinflammation. Although classically considered as harmful, it is now becoming increasingly clear that inflammation can also promote regeneration, if the appropriate context is provided. Here, we review the current knowledge on how acute inflammation is intertwined with axonal regeneration, an important component of CNS repair. After optic nerve or spinal cord injury, inflammatory stimulation and/or modification greatly improve the regenerative outcome in rodents. Moreover, the hypothesis of a beneficial role of inflammation is further supported by evidence from adult zebrafish, which possess the remarkable capability to repair CNS lesions and even restore functionality. Lastly, we shed light on the impact of aging processes on the regenerative capacity in the CNS of mammals and zebrafish. As aging not only affects the CNS, but also the immune system, the regeneration potential is expected to further decline in aged individuals, an element that should definitely be considered in the search for novel therapeutic strategies.