Trends in biomass burning in the Carpathian region over the last 15,000 years
Trends in biomass burning in the Carpathian region over the last 15,000 years
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.001
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发表时间：
2012-06-29
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Hickler, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feurdean, Angelica;Spessa, Allan;Hickler, Thomas
火灾被认为是对生物群和大气产生重大影响的关键过程。在这项研究中，利用从喀尔巴阡地区（匈牙利和罗马尼亚）不同海拔的泥炭沼泽和湖泊中提取的 11 份微炭和巨炭沉积记录来探索该地区过去 15,000 年来生物质燃烧的模式和潜在的潜在机制。微型木炭和大型木炭数据的结果显示了生物质燃烧的相似趋势，并表明两种木炭尺寸碎片的主要信号主要与局部火灾有关。晚冰期期间火灾活动较低，在全新世早期（距今 11,700-8000 卡路里）达到最大值，在全新世中晚期（距今 8000-1000 卡路里）低于现在，并在过去 1000 年再次增加。重建的生物质燃烧的空间趋势随着时间的推移显示出不同程度的异质性。一般来说，在晚冰期和全新世早期（距今15,000-8000卡），整个研究区域的火灾活动具有更多的空间相似性，随后从距今约8000卡开始，空间异质性增加。生物质燃烧似乎主要受到晚冰期和全新世气候的调节，通过影响植被生产力，从而影响燃料可用性（晚冰期），以及燃料结构、水分和可燃性（全新世）。现场人类活动很可能在全新世早期就已经提供了额外的火源。然而，有证据表明，人类活动显着改变了自距今 5500 年（低地）到过去 2000-1000 年（山区环境）生物质燃烧的自然趋势，通过消除生物质（低地）或点燃很少自然发生的火灾（即山区环境）。另一方面，燃烧活动似乎也与树种组成的显着变化同时发生，这表明火灾可能是森林动态的驱动因素。结果还表明，泥炭沉积物提供了比湖泊更局部的火灾记录，即使对于彼此靠近的地点，变化的趋势和模式也可能不同。 (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Fire is recognized as a critical process with significant impacts on biota and the atmosphere. In this study, 11 micro- and macrocharcoal sedimentary records extracted from peat bogs and lakes at different elevations in the Carpathian region (in Hungary and Romania) were used to explore the patterns and the potential underlying mechanisms in biomass burning in this region during the last 15,000 years. Results from micro-charcoal and macro-charcoal data show similar trends in biomass burning and suggest that the major signal of both charcoal size-fragments relates mainly to local fires. Fire activity was low during the lateglacial, attained maximum values in the early Holocene (11,700-8000 cal. yr BP), become lower than present during the mid-late Holocene (8000-1000 cal yr BP), and increased again over the last 1000 years. The reconstructed spatial trends in biomass burning display different degrees of heterogeneity through time. Generally, there was more spatial similarity in fire activity across the study region during the lateglacial and early Holocene (15,000-8000 cal yr BP), followed by increased spatial heterogeneity from ca 8000 cal yr BP onwards. Biomass burning appears to have been primarily modulated by climate during both the lateglacial and Holocene, through its effect on vegetation productivity and therefore fuel availability (lateglacial), and fuel structure, moisture and flammability (the Holocene). Onsite human activities are likely to have provided an extra ignition source already in the early Holocene. However, evidence suggest that anthropogenic activities have markedly altered the natural trends in biomass burning from about 5500 yr BP (lowlands) and over the last 2000-1000 years (in the mountain environments), by either removing the biomass (in the lowlands) or igniting fire where it seldom occurs naturally (i.e., in the mountain environments). On the other hand, burning activity also appears coincident with significant changes in tree species compositions, indicating that fire has likely acted as a driving factor in forest dynamics. Results also suggest that peat deposits provide a more localized fire record than lakes, and that trends and patterns of change can be different even for sites situated close to each other. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.