Understanding Uncertainty with Abstract Conditional Premises
Understanding Uncertainty with Abstract Conditional Premises
复制标题
理解抽象条件前提的不确定性
DOI：
10.1353/mpq.2001.0006
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Markovits
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Venet;H. Markovits
两项研究考察了抽象条件推理。首先，三个年级（八年级，学院，大学）的参与者被告知，一个与结论的肯定（P暗示Q， Q为真）相对应的问题没有确定的回应，并被要求为具体和抽象前提证明这个结论。结果显示，随着年级的增加，使用正式理由的人数有所增加。第二项研究观察了8年级和11年级的参与者在现实或幻想环境中嵌入抽象前提的效果。结果表明，现实情境有利于抽象推理。这些结果支持这样一种观点，即这种推理可能代表了推理能力的质变，尽管前提具有抽象性质，但推理能力的发展依赖于对经验知识的适当获取。
Two studies examined abstract conditional reasoning. First, participants at three grade levels (grade 8, college, university) were informed that a problem corresponding to Affirmation of the consequent (P implies Q, Q is true) had no certain response and were asked to justify this conclusion, for both concrete and abstract premises. Results showed an increase in use of formal justifications with grade. The second study looked at the effects of embedding abstract premises into realistic or fantasy contexts with participants at grades 8 and 11. Results show that abstract reasoning is facilitated by realistic context. These results support the idea that such reasoning may represent a qualitative change in reasoning abilities and that its development relies on appropriate access to empirical knowledge despite the abstract nature of premises.