Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans.
Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans.
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第一批美国人的起源仍然存在争议。虽然美洲原住民似乎在遗传上与东亚人关系最密切，但对于他们最接近的特定旧世界人口没有共识。在这里，我们对一个大约24,000年前的个体（MA-1）的基因组草图进行了测序，该个体来自西伯利亚中南部的Mal'ta，平均深度为13。据我们所知，这是迄今为止报道的最古老的解剖学现代人类基因组。MA-1线粒体基因组属于单倍群U，在旧石器时代晚期和中石器时代欧洲狩猎采集者中也发现了高频率，MA-1的Y染色体是现代西方欧亚人的基础，靠近大多数美洲原住民血统的根源。同样，我们发现常染色体证据表明，MA-1是现代西方欧亚人的基础，与现代美洲原住民在遗传上密切相关，与东亚人没有密切的亲缘关系。这表明，24,000年前与当代欧亚大陆西部人有关的人口比通常认为的更倾向于东北分布。此外，我们估计，14%至38%的美洲原住民祖先可能是通过基因流来自这个古老的人口。这可能发生在美洲原住民祖先与东亚祖先分化之后，但在美洲原住民人口在新世界多样化之前。从MA-1谱系到美洲原住民祖先的基因流可以解释为什么第一批美洲人的几个头盖骨被报道为具有与东亚人不相似的形态特征。对另一个西伯利亚中南部的Afontova戈拉-2的测序可以追溯到大约17,000年前，揭示了与MA-1相似的常染色体遗传特征，表明该地区在整个末次盛冰期一直被人类占据。我们的研究结果表明，现代美洲原住民的欧亚大陆西部遗传特征不仅像人们普遍认为的那样来自后哥伦布时期的混合物，而且还来自第一批美国人的混合祖先。
The origins of the First Americans remain contentious. Although Native Americans seem to be genetically most closely related to east Asians, there is no consensus with regard to which specific Old World populations they are closest to. Here we sequence the draft genome of an approximately 24,000-year-old individual (MA-1), from Mal’ta in south-central Siberia, to an average depth of 13. To our knowledge this is the oldest anatomically modern human genome reported to date. The MA-1 mitochondrial genome belongs to haplogroup U, which has also been found at high frequency among Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic European hunter-gatherers, and the Y chromosome of MA-1 is basal to modern-day western Eurasians and near the root of most Native American lineages. Similarly, we find autosomal evidence that MA-1 is basal to modern-day western Eurasians and genetically closely related to modern-day Native Americans, with no close affinity to east Asians. This suggests that populations related to contemporary western Eurasians had a more north-easterly distribution 24,000 years ago than commonly thought. Furthermore, we estimate that 14 to 38% of Native American ancestry may originate through gene flow from this ancient population. This is likely to have occurred after the divergence of Native American ancestors from east Asian ancestors, but before the diversification of Native American populations in the New World. Gene flow from the MA-1 lineage into Native American ancestors could explain why several crania from the First Americans have been reported as bearing morphological characteristics that do not resemble those of east Asians. Sequencing of another south-central Siberian, Afontova Gora-2 dating to approximately 17,000 years ago, revealed similar autosomal genetic signatures as MA-1, suggesting that the region was continuously occupied by humans throughout the Last Glacial Maximum. Our findings reveal that western Eurasian genetic signatures in modern-day Native Americans derive not only from post-Columbian admixture, as commonly thought, but also from a mixed ancestry of the First Americans.
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DOI：
10.2307/2802103
发表时间：
1982-01-01
期刊：
MAN
影响因子：
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作者：
GAMBLE, C
通讯作者：
GAMBLE, C
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Gutenkunst RN;Hernandez RD;Williamson SH;Bustamante CD
通讯作者：
Bustamante CD
来自1,092个人基因组的遗传变异的综合图。
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Frazer, Kelly A.;Ballinger, Dennis G.;Cox, David R.;Hinds, David A.;Stuve, Laura L.;Gibbs, Richard A.;Belmont, John W.;Boudreau, Andrew;Hardenbol, Paul;Leal, Suzanne M.;Pasternak, Shiran;Wheeler, David A.;Willis, Thomas D.;Yu, Fuli;Yang, Huanming;Zeng, Changqing;Gao, Yang;Hu, Haoran;Hu, Weitao;Li, Chaohua;Lin, Wei;Liu, Siqi;Pan, Hao;Tang, Xiaoli;Wang, Jian;Wang, Wei;Yu, Jun;Zhang, Bo;Zhang, Qingrun;Zhao, Hongbin;Zhao, Hui;Zhou, Jun;Gabriel, Stacey B.;Barry, Rachel;Blumenstiel, Brendan;Camargo, Amy;Defelice, Matthew;Faggart, Maura;Goyette, Mary;Gupta, Supriya;Moore, Jamie;Nguyen, Huy;Onofrio, Robert C.;Parkin, Melissa;Roy, Jessica;Stahl, Erich;Winchester, Ellen;Ziaugra, Liuda;Altshuler, David;Shen, Yan;Yao, Zhijian;Huang, Wei;Chu, Xun;He, Yungang;Jin, Li;Liu, Yangfan;Shen, Yayun;Sun, Weiwei;Wang, Haifeng;Wang, Yi;Wang, Ying;Xiong, Xiaoyan;Xu, Liang;Waye, Mary M. Y.;Tsui, Stephen K. W.;Wong, J. Tze-Fei;Galver, Luana M.;Fan, Jian-Bing;Gunderson, Kevin;Murray, Sarah S.;Oliphant, Arnold R.;Chee, Mark S.;Montpetit, Alexandre;Chagnon, Fanny;Ferretti, Vincent;Leboeuf, Martin;Olivier, Jean-Franccois;Phillips, Michael S.;Roumy, Stephanie;Sallee, Clementine;Verner, Andrei;Hudson, Thomas J.;Kwok, Pui-Yan;Cai, Dongmei;Koboldt, Daniel C.;Miller, Raymond D.;Pawlikowska, Ludmila;Taillon-Miller, Patricia;Xiao, Ming;Tsui, Lap-Chee;Mak, William;Song, You Qiang;Tam, Paul K. H.;Nakamura, Yusuke;Kawaguchi, Takahisa;Kitamoto, Takuya;Morizono, Takashi;Nagashima, Atsushi;Ohnishi, Yozo;Sekine, Akihiro;Tanaka, Toshihiro;Tsunoda, Tatsuhiko;Deloukas, Panos;Bird, Christine P.;Delgado, Marcos;Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T.;Gwilliam, Rhian;Hunt, Sarah;Morrison, Jonathan;Powell, Don;Stranger, Barbara E.;Whittaker, Pamela;Bentley, David R.;Daly, Mark J.;de Bakker, Paul I. W.;Barrett, Jeff;Chretien, Yves R.;Maller, Julian;McCarroll, Steve;Patterson, Nick;Pe'er, Itsik;Price, Alkes;Purcell, Shaun;Richter, Daniel J.;Sabeti, Pardis;Saxena, Richa;Schaffner, Stephen F.;Sham, Pak C.;Varilly, Patrick;Altshuler, David;Stein, Lincoln D.;Krishnan, Lalitha;Smith, Albert Vernon;Tello-Ruiz, Marcela K.;Thorisson, Gudmundur A.;Chakravarti, Aravinda;Chen, Peter E.;Cutler, David J.;Kashuk, Carl S.;Lin, Shin;Abecasis, Goncalo R.;Guan, Weihua;Li, Yun;Munro, Heather M.;Qin, Zhaohui Steve;Thomas, Daryl J.;McVean, Gilean;Auton, Adam;Bottolo, Leonardo;Cardin, Niall;Eyheramendy, Susana;Freeman, Colin;Marchini, Jonathan;Myers, Simon;Spencer, Chris;Stephens, Matthew;Donnelly, Peter;Cardon, Lon R.;Clarke, Geraldine;Evans, David M.;Morris, Andrew P.;Weir, Bruce S.;Tsunoda, Tatsuhiko;Johnson, Todd A.;Mullikin, James C.;Sherry, Stephen T.;Feolo, Michael;Skol, Andrew
通讯作者：
Skol, Andrew
使用下一代 DNA 测序数据进行变异发现和基因分型的框架。
影响因子：
30.8
作者：
通讯作者：
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