Beyond Rabies: Are Free-Ranging Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in British Columbia Reservoirs of Emerging Infection?
Beyond Rabies: Are Free-Ranging Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in British Columbia Reservoirs of Emerging Infection?
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DOI：
10.1111/tbed.12426
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Joseph, T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Britton, A. P.;Redford, T.;Joseph, T.
野生动物宿主是新发和人畜共患感染的重要来源。臭鼬（Mephitis mephitis）是加拿大臭鼬狂犬病病毒株的宿主，但包括不列颠哥伦比亚省（BC）在内的一些地区除外。除了狂犬病，不列颠哥伦比亚省臭鼬对新出现的人畜共患病病原体的储存状况尚不清楚。从2011年3月至2015年2月，对50只自由放养的臭鼬进行了尸检，并检测了4种病原体：甲型流感病毒、阿留申病病毒（ADV）、钩端螺旋体属（Leptospira spp.）和沙门氏菌在人类流感季节，发现了两只患有甲型流感（H1N1）pdm 09引起的呼吸道疾病的臭鼬（4%），这表明臭鼬可能是该株甲型流感病毒逆转人畜共患的目标种群。ADV感染率高（43/50，86%）。两个受感染的臭鼬表现出阿留申病（AD），这表明臭鼬作为一个水库和目标人口的病毒。大多数关于ADV的研究都集中在水貂养殖场附近的自由放养物种的感染潜力上。我们的研究表明，城市臭鼬可能是该病毒的主要宿主，独立于家貂。臭鼬是否作为ADV感染的其他栖息地周围物种的水库将取决于病毒株的宿主特异性。18%（9/49）的臭鼬检出问号钩端螺旋体。需要鉴定检测到的血清型，以确定接触受感染的臭鼬后是否存在钩端螺旋体病的公共卫生风险。沙门氏菌从43只臭鼬中的3只（7%）中分离到S.鼠伤寒沙门氏菌S. Muenchen和S.肠道。这些血清型引起人类疾病，但感染率低表明人畜共患病传播的风险低。
Wild animal reservoirs are an important source of emerging and zoonotic infection. Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) are a reservoir of skunk strain rabies virus in Canada, with the exception of some areas including the province of British Columbia (BC). Beyond rabies, the reservoir status of skunks for emerging and zoonotic pathogens in BC is unknown. From March 2011 to February 2015, 50 free-ranging skunks were necropsied and tested for 4 pathogens: influenza A, Aleutian disease virus (ADV), Leptospira spp. and Salmonella spp. Two skunks (4%) with respiratory disease caused by influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 were detected during the human flu season suggesting that skunks may represent a target population for reverse zoonosis of this strain of influenza A virus. High prevalence of ADV infection was detected (43/50, 86%). Two of the infected skunks exhibited Aleutian disease (AD) suggesting that skunks act as both a reservoir and a target population for the virus. Most studies of ADV have focused on the potential for infection of free-ranging species living near mink farms. Our study suggests that urban skunks may be a primary host for the virus independent of domestic mink. Whether skunks act as a reservoir of ADV infection for other peridomestic species will depend on host specificity of the viral strains. Leptospira interrogans was detected in 18% (9/49) of the skunks. Identification of the serovar(s) detected is needed to determine any public health risk of leptospirosis following exposure to infected skunks. Salmonella spp. was isolated from three of 43 skunks (7%), specifically S. Typhimurium, S. Muenchen and S. Enteritidis. These serotypes cause disease in humans, but the low prevalence of infection suggests there is a low risk for zoonotic transmission.