Morality in the Law: The Psychological Foundations of Citizens' Desires to Punish Transgressions
Morality in the Law: The Psychological Foundations of Citizens' Desires to Punish Transgressions
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci.4.110707.172335
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Darley, John M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Darley, John M.
来自多种研究方法的证据表明，当一个人对自己或他人做出侵犯时，他会经历一种直觉上产生的、带有情感色彩的道德愤怒反应。这种反应是由个人对违法行为的基于应得的正义报应反应所驱动，而不是考虑惩罚的威慑力等。在实验性游戏中，参与者会惩罚违规者，并在这样做的同时体验到有益的大脑状态，即使他们自己不是违规的目标，他们也会惩罚违规者。如果有的话，这对社会司法体系的惩罚部分有何影响？是否有可能构建在一定程度上融入公民正义感的量刑实践？这样做能得到什么好处呢？又会失去什么？
Evidence from a number of research methods converges to suggest that when a person registers a transgression against self or others, the person experiences an intuitively produced, emotionally tinged reaction of moral outrage. The reaction is driven by the just deserts-based retributive reactions of the person to the transgression rather than, for instance, considerations of the deterrent force of the punishment. In experimental games arranged so that trust and fairness transgressions Occur, participants punish transgressors and experience rewarding brain states while doing so, and they punish even if they were not themselves the target of the violation. What, if any, implications does this have for the punishment component of societal systems of justice? Would it be possible to construct sentencing practices that, to some extent, incorporated citizens' sense of just punishments? What would be gained by doing so? And what would be lost?