From ‘criminals of the earth’ to ‘stewards of the environment’: The social and environmental justice of Fair Trade gold
From ‘criminals of the earth’ to ‘stewards of the environment’: The social and environmental justice of Fair Trade gold
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从“地球罪犯”到“环境管理者”：公平贸易黄金的社会和环境正义
DOI：
10.1016/j.geoforum.2014.08.016
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
John Childs
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
John Childs
最近在拉丁美洲和撒哈拉以南非洲出现的黄金公平贸易认证为手工和小规模采矿（ASM）的环境治理提供了一个激进的新方向。在这样做的过程中，它旨在解决主流政策未能缓解的该部门长期存在的环境和发展挑战。向更负责任的ASM实践的转变是以公平贸易话语的战略部署为前提的，该话语认为，其运营商不应被视为罪犯，而应被视为更广泛经济中有价值和正式的一部分。本文认为，这种发展干预应该在社会和环境正义框架内进行解读，这一框架直接回应了政治地理学对该部门积极代表的“令人信服的说明”的呼吁。通过对10年来坦桑尼亚主要ASM和公平贸易利益相关者的媒体报道、访谈和记录生活史的话语分析，它展示了公平贸易黄金运动如何阐明三股正义（以更公平的分配、程序和认可为概念），并批判性地评估了这种刻意策略背后的政治。特别是，它认为，承认是正义的关键部分，而过去对公平贸易的分析却低估了这一点。通过对坦桑尼亚的案例研究，得出的结论是，尽管在争取对ASM运营商的更多认可方面取得了重大进展，但在建立更大的分配正义方面，仍需要更好地将话语与实践联系起来。
The recent emergence of the Fairtrade certification of gold in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa promises a radical new direction for the environmental governance of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). In doing so, it aims to tackle the longstanding environment and development challenges of the sector which mainstream policy has failed to alleviate. The move towards more responsible ASM practices is premised on the strategic deployment of a Fair Trade discourse that argues for its operators to be recognized not as criminals, but as valued and formalized parts of their broader economies. It is argued in this paper that this development intervention should be read within a social and environmental justice framework, one which directly answers the call from political geography for ‘compelling accounts’ of positive representations of the sector.Through a discourse analysis of 10 years of media reports, interviews and recorded life histories of key ASM and Fair Trade stakeholders in Tanzania, it shows how three strands of justice (conceptualized in terms of fairer distribution, procedure and recognition) are articulated by the Fair Trade gold movement and critically assesses the politics behind such a deliberate strategy. In particular, it argues that recognition is a key part of justice that has been underplayed by erstwhile analyses of Fair Trade. Through a case study of Tanzania, it is concluded that although significant progress has been made in terms of arguing for greater recognition for ASM operators, there remains a need to better link discourse with practice in establishing greater distributional justice.