The role of Varroa and viral pathogens in the collapse of honeybee colonies:: a modelling approach
The role of Varroa and viral pathogens in the collapse of honeybee colonies:: a modelling approach
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00662.x
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发表时间：
2001-10-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Martin, SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Martin, SJ
1. 外寄生螨瓦螨是一种严重的世界范围蜜蜂害虫，与数百万蜂群的死亡有关，尽管其在蜂群死亡中的作用仍然难以捉摸。2。鉴于蜂群死亡并不总是发生，开发了一个模拟模型来解释螨虫与宿主蜂群崩溃之间的联系。我们研究了以螨为媒介的两种病原体——变形翅病毒（DWV）和急性麻痹病毒（APV）对宿主群体的影响。3．先前发布的两个模拟模型（蜜蜂和螨虫）被组合并适应于患有各种蜜蜂疾病的温带气候。该模型是使用 Modelmaker(R) 软件构建的，该软件可以每天跟踪宿主群体中疾病的进展情况。4．该模型生成的种群动态与在天然蜂群中观察到的类似。当传播 DWV 或 APV 的螨虫被引入蜂群时，其成年工蜂数量在冬季或春季（DWV）或秋季到春季（APV）锐减。这与欧洲蜂群死亡的实地观察结果非常吻合。5。该模型显示，MW 最初对蜂群影响不大，但在夏末，随着传播 DAW 的螨虫数量的增加，该病毒导致进入越冬种群的健康幼蜂数量减少。越冬蜜蜂年龄结构的不平衡导致蜂群最终在冬季或春季死亡。秋天，只要 2000-3600 只螨虫就可以杀死一个群体。6。相比之下，瓦螨传播的 APV 只能杀死较大的蜂群。当发生明显的 APV 感染时，已经存在 (10000+) 螨虫种群。 APV 很难在蜜蜂群体中定植，因为它会导致寄主快速死亡。7．该模型预测，毒性较低的 DWV 将比毒性较高的 APV 更广泛地传播，并且在生产越冬蜜蜂之前需要采取螨虫控制措施。
1. The ecto-parasitic mite Varroa destructor is a serious world-wide pest of the honeybee Apis mellifera and has being linked with the death of millions of colonies, although its role in colony death has remained elusive.2. A simulation model was developed to explain the link between the mite and collapse of the host bee colony, given that colony death does not always occur. We investigated the effects of two pathogens, deformed wing virus (DWV) and acute paralysis virus (APV), vectored by the mite, on the host colony.3. Two previously published simulation models, a bee and a mite, were combined and adapted for use in temperate climates with a variety of bee diseases. The model was constructed using Modelmaker(R) software, which allows the progression of a disease in the host colony to be followed daily.4. The population dynamics generated by the model were similar to those observed in a natural honeybee colony. When DWV- or APV-transmitting mites were introduced into the colony, its adult worker bee population collapsed either during winter or spring for DWV, or autumn to spring for APV. This corresponds well with field observations of colony death in Europe.5. The model revealed that MW initially had little effect on the colony but during late summer, as the population of DAW-transmitting mites increased, the virus caused a reduction in the number of healthy young bees entering the overwintering population. This imbalance in the age structure of the overwintering bees resulted in the eventual death of the colony during the winter or spring. As few as 2000-3600 mites irt autumn could kill a colony.6. In contrast, APV transmitted by Varroa was only able to kill the honeybee colony if a large. (10000+) mite population was already present when an overt APV infection occurred. It was difficult for APV to become established within the bee population due to it causing rapid host death.7. The model predicts that the less virulent DWV will become more widely established than the highly virulent APV, and that mite control measures need to be taken prior to the production of overwintering bees.