Ocular input for human melatonin regulation: relevance to breast cancer.
Ocular input for human melatonin regulation: relevance to breast cancer.
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发表时间：
2002-07
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通讯作者：
G. Glickman;R. Levin;G. Brainard
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作者：
G. Glickman;R. Levin;G. Brainard
乳腺癌对世界各地女性的影响是广泛而严重的。由于乳腺癌的发病率在工业化地区最高，因此已提出夜间暴露于光线下是一个潜在的风险因素。这一理论得到了流行病学观察的支持，即盲人妇女患乳腺癌的人数减少，而轮班工作的妇女患乳腺癌的人数增加。此外，研究褪黑激素-癌症动力学的人类、动物和体外研究表明，光、褪黑激素和癌症之间存在明显的关系，尽管这种关系很复杂。最近的事态发展，了解褪黑激素调节光在人类中进行检查，特别注意的因素，有助于光诱导的褪黑激素抑制反应的敏感性。具体而言，光的光谱特性的作用，并讨论了最近在人类和其他哺乳动物物种的相关行动光谱研究。在昼夜节律和其他非视觉反应的五个动作光谱中，确定了446-484 nm之间的峰值灵敏度。在高度控制的曝光情况下，小于1勒克斯的单色光引起了显着的抑制夜间褪黑激素。鉴于光暴露、褪黑激素抑制和癌症风险之间的可能联系，继续确定基本的相关眼部生理学是很重要的。视觉性能，而不是昼夜功能，一直是建筑照明系统的主要焦点。现在有必要重新评估照明策略，考虑昼夜节律的影响，以最大限度地提高生理稳态和健康。
The impact of breast cancer on women across the world has been extensive and severe. As prevalence of breast cancer is greatest in industrialized regions, exposure to light at night has been proposed as a potential risk factor. This theory is supported by the epidemiological observations of decreased breast cancer in blind women and increased breast cancer in women who do shift-work. In addition, human, animal and in vitro studies which have investigated the melatonin-cancer dynamic indicate an apparent relationship between light, melatonin and cancer, albeit complex. Recent developments in understanding melatonin regulation by light in humans are examined, with particular attention to factors that contribute to the sensitivity of the light-induced melatonin suppression response. Specifically, the role of spectral characteristics of light is addressed, and recent relevant action spectrum studies in humans and other mammalian species are discussed. Across five action spectra for circadian and other non-visual responses, a peak sensitivity between 446-484 nm was identified. Under highly controlled exposure circumstances, less than 1 lux of monochromatic light elicited a significant suppression of nocturnal melatonin. In view of the possible link between light exposure, melatonin suppression and cancer risk, it is important to continue to identify the basic related ocular physiology. Visual performance, rather than circadian function, has been the primary focus of architectural lighting systems. It is now necessary to reevaluate lighting strategies, with consideration of circadian influences, in an effort to maximize physiological homeostasis and health.