From Traditional Farming in Morocco to Early Urban Agroecology in Northern Mesopotamia: Combining Present-day Arable Weed Surveys and Crop Isotope Analysis to Reconstruct Past Agrosystems in (Semi-)arid Regions
From Traditional Farming in Morocco to Early Urban Agroecology in Northern Mesopotamia: Combining Present-day Arable Weed Surveys and Crop Isotope Analysis to Reconstruct Past Agrosystems in (Semi-)arid Regions
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DOI：
10.1080/14614103.2016.1261217
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Hodgson, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bogaard, Amy;Styring, Amy;Hodgson, John
我们整合功能杂草生态学与作物稳定的碳和氮同位素分析，以评估其综合潜力推断耕地管理措施（半）干旱地区的古植物组合。杂草和地理信息系统调查60谷物和豆类领域在摩洛哥相结合的作物取样稳定同位素分析框架评估农业劳动强度的施肥，灌溉，耕作和手工除草。在低管理强度下，杂草变异主要反映了地理差异，而在高管理强度下，不同地区的农田具有相似的杂草植物群。施肥和灌溉绿洲大麦领域明显区别于不太密集施肥雨养大麦梯田在摩洛哥南部，当在北方和南部摩洛哥被认为是在一起，气候差异叠加在农艺强度梯度。大麦C-13和N-15的差值在摩洛哥政权之间有明显的区别。综合方法结合作物同位素值与杂草生态歧视的低和高强度制度在多个研究（在南部摩洛哥和南欧）。对来自叙利亚EBA Tell Brak的考古植物学样本的分析表明，这座早期城市是通过广泛的（低强度，大规模）谷物农业来维持的。
We integrate functional weed ecology with crop stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis to assess their combined potential for inferring arable land management practices in (semi-)arid regions from archaeobotanical assemblages. Weed and GIS survey of 60 cereal and pulse fields in Morocco are combined with crop sampling for stable isotope analysis to frame assessment of agricultural labour intensity in terms of manuring, irrigation, tillage and hand-weeding. Under low management intensity weed variation primarily reflects geographical differences, whereas under high management intensity fields in disparate regions have similar weed flora. Manured and irrigated oasis barley fields are clearly discriminated from less intensively manured rain-fed barley terraces in southern Morocco; when fields in northern and southern Morocco are considered together, climatic differences are superimposed on the agronomic intensity gradient. Barley delta C-13 and delta N-15 values clearly distinguish among the Moroccan regimes. An integrated approach combines crop isotope values with weed ecological discrimination of low- and high-intensity regimes across multiple studies (in southern Morocco and southern Europe). Analysis of archaeobotanical samples from EBA Tell Brak, Syria suggests that this early city was sustained through extensive (low-intensity, large-scale) cereal farming.