Bone lead as a new biologic marker of lead dose: Recent findings and implications for public health
Bone lead as a new biologic marker of lead dose: Recent findings and implications for public health
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DOI：
10.2307/3434138
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发表时间：
1998-08-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Hu, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, H
骨中铅的测量最近已成为研究的焦点，因为a）骨铅水平可作为多年铅暴露的累积剂量计（因为铅在骨中的停留时间长），累积暴露可能比最近暴露更能预测慢性毒性，这是血铅水平主要反映的; B）怀疑骨转换增加（例如，在怀孕、哺乳和衰老过程中）可能会释放出足够的储存铅，造成严重的迟发性毒性威胁; c）尽管在过去10到15年中，美国的铅暴露量已大大下降，但数十年的严重环境污染已导致美国大部分普通人群的骨骼中铅大量积累。随着Cd-109 K-X射线荧光（KXRF）仪器的发展，对骨中铅的影响进行流行病学研究成为可能，该仪器可用于体内测量骨中的铅。本文将简要回顾KXRF方法，然后总结几个超级基金支持的研究和其他）的血铅和KXRF测量的骨铅，这些措施进行了比较，作为铅剂量的生物标志物。在流行病学研究中，骨铅的测量已被证明在暴露评估研究中是有用的，即，在确定因素，最有助于保留身体铅负荷，并在调查累积铅暴露的风险因素，为不良的健康结果，如高血压，肾损害，认知障碍，行为障碍，不良生殖结果。
Measurements of lead in bone have recently become the focus of research because a) bone lead levels serve as a cumulative dosimeter of lead exposure over many years (because of lead's long residence time in bone), and cumulative exposure may be more predictive of chronic toxicity than recent exposure, which is what blood lead levels mostly reflect; b) there is suspicion that heightened bone turnover (e.g., during pregnancy, lactation, and aging) may liberate enough stored lead to pose a significant threat of delayed toxicity; and c) although lead exposure has largely declined in the United States over the past 10 to 15 years, decades of heavy environmental pollution have resulted in significant accumulation of lead in bone among most members of the general U.S. population. Epidemiologic research on the impact of lead stored in bone is now possible with the development of Cd-109 K-X-ray fluorescence (KXRF) instruments for the in vivo measurement of lead in bone. In this paper, the KXRF method will be briefly reviewed, followed by a summary of several Superfund-supported studies land others) of blood lead and KXRF-measured bone lead in which these measures are compared as biologic markers of lead dose. Measurement of bone lead in epidemiologic studies has proved useful in exposure assessment studies, i.e., in identifying factors that contribute most to retained body lead burden, and in investigating cumulative lead exposure as a risk factor for poor health outcomes such as hypertension, kidney impairment, cognitive impairment, behavioral disturbances, and adverse reproductive outcomes.