Extracellular Vesicles in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Extracellular Vesicles in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
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DOI：
10.1055/s-0037-1599081
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
McCrae, Keith R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chaturvedi, Shruti;Alluri, Ravi;McCrae, Keith R.
抗磷脂抗体（aPL），特别是针对β（2）-糖蛋白I的那些，引起血管细胞（内皮细胞、血小板、单核细胞）的活化和细胞外囊泡（EV）的释放，所述细胞外囊泡（EV）包括外来体和微粒（MP）。MP，特别是内皮MP，在抗磷脂综合征（APS）中已被广泛研究。与健康对照组相比，aPL患者循环内皮和血小板MP水平显著升高，包括表达免疫和功能组织因子的MP。虽然尚未证实EV与APS相关血栓形成和产科事件的一致关系，但远离血栓形成事件发生的MP水平升高表明APS中血管激活的慢性状态。除了作为细胞活化的标志物之外，EV还表达生物活性脂质、蛋白质和核酸，特别是微核糖核酸（microRNA）。EV可能通过组织因子依赖性和非依赖性机制刺激血栓形成和促进血管激活在APS中潜在地发挥致病作用。需要进一步的研究来了解这些机制，并确定EV是否可能是一种有用的生物标志物，以识别临床事件风险最高的aPL患者。
Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), particularly those directed against beta(2)-glycoprotein I, cause activation of vascular cells (endothelial cells, platelets, monocytes) and release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes and microparticles (MPs). MPs, particularly endothelial MPs, have been most extensively studied in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Compared with healthy controls, patients with aPL have significantly higher levels of circulating endothelial and platelet MPs, including MPs expressing immunological and functional tissue factor. Although a consistent relationship of EVs with APS-related thrombosis and obstetric events has not yet been demonstrated, elevated levels of MPs occurring remote from thrombotic events suggest a chronic state of vascular activation in APS. In addition to being a marker of cellular activation, EVs express bioactive lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, particularly microribonucleic acid (microRNA). EVs may potentially play a pathogenic role in APS by stimulating thrombosis through tissue factor-dependent and independent mechanisms and by promoting vascular activation. Further research is needed to understand these mechanisms and to determine whether EVs may be a useful biomarker to identify patients with aPL at highest risk of clinical events.