Different community compositions between obligate and facultative oomycete plant parasites in a landscape-scale metabarcoding survey
Different community compositions between obligate and facultative oomycete plant parasites in a landscape-scale metabarcoding survey
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DOI：
10.1007/s00374-020-01519-z
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发表时间：
2020-11-12
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Bonkowski, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria;Bonkowski, Michael
卵菌是一个普遍存在的原生生物谱系，包括毁灭性的作物寄生虫。尽管它们在农业系统中的生态已得到广泛研究，但人们对它们在自然和半自然生态系统中的分布以及它们如何对土壤和环境因素做出反应知之甚少。我们在这里提供了一个基线的土壤卵菌的多样性和分布，分类的生活方式（生物营养，半生物营养和腐殖），在温带草原和森林景观尺度。从600个土壤样品中，我们获得了1148个操作分类单位，代表了类似于2000万Illumina读数（V4区，18 S rRNA基因）。我们发现了大多数半活体营养型植物病原体，它们是寄生虫，在宿主死亡后作为腐营养体度过其生命周期的一部分。总体而言，草原和森林构成了植物病原体的重要储存库。距离为基础的RDA模型确定土壤类型和矿质土壤C/N比的最有影响力的因素在形成卵菌群落在草地和森林。土壤条件和人为管理的强化在森林中引发了专性生物营养体和半生物营养体的相对丰度的相反的反应，这表明这两种生活方式的不同生态要求。
Oomycetes are a ubiquitous protistan lineage including devastating crop parasites. Although their ecology in agrosystems has been widely studied, little is known of their distribution in natural and semi-natural ecosystems and how they respond to edaphic and environmental factors. We provide here a baseline of the diversity and distribution of soil oomycetes, classified by lifestyles (biotrophy, hemibiotrophy and saprotrophy), at the landscape scale in temperate grassland and forest. From 600 soil samples, we obtained 1148 operational taxonomy units representing similar to 20 million Illumina reads (region V4, 18S rRNA gene). We found a majority of hemibiotrophic plant pathogens, which are parasites spending part of their life cycle as saprotrophs after the death of the host. Overall both grassland and forest constitute an important reservoir of plant pathogens. Distance-based RDA models identified soil type and mineral soil C/N ratio as the most influential factors in shaping oomycete communities in grassland and forest. Edaphic conditions and human-induced management intensification in forest triggered opposite responses in the relative abundances of obligate biotrophs and hemibiotrophs, suggesting different ecological requirements of these two lifestyles.