Effect of gut microbes on olfactory behavior of Drosophila melanogaster larva.
Effect of gut microbes on olfactory behavior of Drosophila melanogaster larva.
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DOI：
10.1893/0005-3155-90.4.227
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发表时间：
2019-12-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mathew D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Slankster E;Lee C;Hess KM;Odell S;Mathew D
众所周知，动物与其肠道微生物群之间的共生关系会影响宿主的神经功能和行为。肠道微生物区系影响大脑功能的机制还不是很清楚。本研究测量了肠道微生物区系对果蝇幼虫嗅觉行为的影响，并探索了肠道微生物区系与神经回路通信的可能机制。经抗生素或益生菌处理后，果蝇幼虫体内的微生物区系负荷发生了变化。对对照幼虫和微生物区系负荷改变的幼虫进行嗅觉测试，以分析幼虫对气味的趋化反应。与对照动物相比，经抗生素处理的幼虫微生物区系负荷减少，对气味的趋化反应减弱。这种行为表型在用益生菌处理的幼虫中得到了部分挽救，导致微生物区系负荷的部分恢复。分析了不同处理条件下几种嗅觉基因在幼虫体内的表达水平。这些结果表明，GABA信号通路的某些成分的表达对微生物区系负荷是敏感的。这项研究得出结论，微生物区系影响宿主内控制GABA产生和GABA受体表达的动态平衡机制，这是已知的影响宿主嗅觉行为的机制。这些结果对于理解寄主生物与其微生物区系之间的双向通讯以及了解嗅觉神经元功能的调节具有重要意义。
The symbiotic relationship between an animal and its gut microbiota is known to influence host neural function and behavior. The mechanisms by which gut microbiota influence brain function are not well understood. This study measures the impact of gut microbiota on olfactory behavior of Drosophila larvae and explores possible mechanisms by which gut microbiota communicate with neural circuits. The microbiota load in Drosophila larvae was altered by treating them with antibiotics or probiotics. Control larvae and larvae with altered microbiota loads were subjected to olfactory assays to analyze the chemotaxis response of larvae to odorants. Larvae treated with antibiotics had reduced microbiota load and exhibited reduced chemotaxis response toward odorants compared to control animals. This behavioral phenotype was partially rescued in larvae treated with probiotics that resulted in partial recovery of microbiota loads. Expression levels of several olfactory genes in larvae subjected to different treatments were analyzed. The results suggest that the expression of certain components of the GABA signaling pathway is sensitive to microbiota load. The study concludes that the microbiota influences homeostatic mechanisms in the host that control GABA production and GABA-receptor expression, which are known to impact host olfactory behavior. These results have implications for understanding the bidirectional communication between a host organism and its microbiota as well as for understanding the modulation of olfactory neuron function.